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Chapter 3: Problem 16

Write short notes on the following: (a) Electron sea model (b) Band theory (c) London forces (d) Term symbols

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Electron Sea Model describes metallic bonding as a 'sea' of delocalized electrons around positively charged metal ions. Band Theory explains electrical conduction in solids through the joining of atom's individual energy levels into a band when in close proximity. London Forces are the weakest type of Van der Waals interactions, occurring due to temporary polarization of electron clouds in atoms/molecules. Term symbols are notation describing the quantum state of an atom/molecule, representing its total angular momentum, spin, orbital, and other quantum properties.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Electron Sea Model

The Electron Sea Model is a theory that proposes how metallic bonding occurs. In this model, electrons are viewed as a 'sea' of delocalized electrons surrounding a lattice of positive metal ions. The free movement of these electrons explains the high electrical and thermal conductivity of metals.
02

Discuss Band Theory

Band theory is a theoretical model used to explain the characteristics of electrical conduction in solids. According to this theory, an atom's individual energy levels join together when a sufficient number of atoms are close together (like in a solid), creating an energy band. Electrical behaviour of materials (conductors, semiconductors, insulators) can be explained by the distribution of these energy bands relative to the Fermi energy level.
03

Explain London Forces

London forces, also known as dispersion forces or temporary dipole-induced dipole forces, are the weakest type of Van der Waals interactions. They occur due to the instantaneous polarization of electron clouds in atoms or molecules. As a result, temporary dipoles are formed which can induce dipoles in adjacent molecules. This leads to a weak attraction between the two molecules.
04

Describe Term Symbols

Term symbols are a shorthand notation used in atomic physics and quantum chemistry to describe the quantum state of an atom or a molecule. They characterize the total angular momentum, spin, orbital, and other quantum properties of the system. They can help predict the system's energy level, optical transitions, and other physical properties.

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