Chapter 33: Problem 9

Discuss biological fixation of nitrogen.

Short Answer

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Biological nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form like nitrate or ammonium by certain bacteria, primarily diazotrophs. These bacteria possess an enzyme nitrogenase, facilitating this conversion. Common organisms involved include the bacteria Rhizobium in root nodules and cyanobacteria in aquatic environments.

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Understanding Nitrogen fixation

Biological Nitrogen fixation is the process whereby atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form that can be readily used by plants. It is called 'biological' as it is performed by living organisms, primarily certain bacteria.

Significance of Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen is a vital nutrient required by plants for their growth, development, and reproduction. However, atmospheric nitrogen is in a form (N₂ gas) that plants cannot directly utilize. Therefore, it needs to be 'fixed' or converted into a usable form like nitrate or ammonium.

Process of Biological Nitrogen fixation

This process is primarily carried out by free-living or symbiotic bacteria called diazotrophs. These bacteria have an enzyme called nitrogenase which allows them to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This ammonia can then be incorporated into the biological macromolecules needed by the plant.

Role of Organisms

Different organisms play key roles in this process. For instance, nodules on plant roots house bacteria Rhizobium, which carry out nitrogen fixation. Cyanobacteria in water bodies also fix nitrogen.

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Discuss biological fixation of nitrogen.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding Nitrogen fixation

Significance of Nitrogen fixation

Process of Biological Nitrogen fixation

Role of Organisms

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