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Chapter 4: Problem 18

Discuss the structure of the following ionic crystal types: (a) Rock salt type structure (b) Fluorite-type structure (c) Zinc-blende-type structure

Short Answer

Expert verified
Rock salt structure consists of an FCC lattice of anions with a cation in each octahedral hole. Fluorite structure also forms an FCC lattice of anions, but with a cation in each tetrahedral hole. Zinc-blende structure consists of FCC lattices of both cations and anions, with cations occupying half of the tetrahedral holes.

Step by step solution

01

Discuss Rock salt type structure

The rock salt structure is common for salts. This type of crystal structure consists of an FCC (face-centered cubic) lattice of anions (negatively charged ions) with a cation (positively charged ion) in each octahedral hole in the lattice. An example of an ionic solid with this structure is sodium chloride (NaCl). Each ion is surrounded by six ions of the opposite charge, and this configuration is stable due to strong ionic bonds.
02

Discuss Fluorite-type structure

In the fluorite structure, the anions again form an FCC lattice, but in this case, there is a smaller cation in each tetrahedral hole. This structure is named for the mineral fluorite, calcium fluoride (CaF2), where the Calcium ions (Ca2+) are surrounded by eight fluoride ions (F-) and each F- ion is surrounded by four Ca2+ ions.
03

Discuss Zinc-blende-type structure

Zinc-blende is another type of FCC lattice, but this time both cations and anions both form these structures, with the cations occupying half of the tetrahedral holes. It is named after the mineral Zinc-blende, in which the zinc and sulphide ions form this structure.

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