Vodka does not freeze in the freezer because it contains a high percentage of ethanol. The freezing point of pure ethanol is \(-114{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Convert that temperature to degrees Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

Understanding the freezing point of ethanol is essential for explaining why certain alcoholic beverages, like vodka, do not freeze in a typical home freezer. Ethanol, a common type of alcohol found in these beverages, has a freezing point of -114°C. This is significantly lower than the freezing point of water, which is 0°C. The difference in freezing points can be attributed to ethanol's unique chemical properties.

Due to the presence of ethanol, beverages with a high alcohol content tend to remain liquid even when subjected to temperatures that would freeze water. Ethanol's lower freezing point is the reason you can enjoy a chilled vodka that's still pourable straight from the freezer. Ethanol's chemical structure, including its ability to form hydrogen bonds, influences its freezing point and is a key aspect of its overall chemical profile.

Converting temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit is a practical skill, especially when dealing with scientific data or living in a country that uses Fahrenheit. To convert the freezing point of ethanol from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the following formula:

F = \( \frac{9}{5}C + 32 \)

By substituting -114°C (the freezing point of ethanol) for C and applying this formula, we can find the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit. This conversion is crucial in industries such as distillation and freezing point analysis where temperature measurement standards vary by region.

For scientific purposes, temperatures are often converted to the Kelvin scale, which is an absolute temperature scale used in physical sciences. Unlike Celsius and Fahrenheit, Kelvin does not use degrees and does not go into negative numbers; instead, it starts from absolute zero, which is the theoretical minimum thermal energy. To convert Celsius to Kelvin, the formula is quite straightforward:

K = \(C + 273.15\)

By applying this formula to the freezing point of ethanol at -114°C, we get its temperature in Kelvin, which can be particularly useful in chemical and physical research where precision and universal units of measurement are vital.

Alcohol, such as ethanol, has distinct chemical properties that contribute to its uses and behaviors under various conditions. Some key properties of ethanol include:

• Volatility: Ethanol easily evaporates at room temperature, contributing to its characteristic smell.
• Solubility: Ethanol is miscible with water, which means the two liquids can be mixed in any proportion without separating.
• Combustibility: Ethanol is flammable and burns with a clean flame, making it a potential fuel source.
• Toxicity: Ethanol can be intoxicating and is toxic in high concentrations to biological organisms.
• Chemical reactivity: Ethanol can undergo various chemical reactions, such as oxidation to form acetic acid.

These properties are important in many applications, from the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages to its use as a disinfectant or biofuel.