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Chapter 4: Problem 61

Classify each element as a halogen, a noble gas, or neither. (a) \(\mathrm{Cl}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Kr}\) (c) \(\mathrm{F}\) (d) Ga (e) \(\mathrm{He}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Halogen, (b) Noble gas, (c) Halogen, (d) Neither, (e) Noble gas.

Step by step solution

01

Classification of Chlorine

Review the periodic table to identify the group in which chlorine (Cl) is found. Chlorine is in Group 17, which is known as the halogen group.
02

Classification of Krypton

Examine the periodic table to determine krypton's (Kr) group. Krypton is in Group 18, identified as the noble gases.
03

Classification of Fluorine

Check the periodic table for the group of fluorine (F). Like chlorine, fluorine is also in Group 17, the halogens.
04

Classification of Gallium

Locate gallium (Ga) on the periodic table. Gallium is in Group 13 and does not belong to either the halogens or the noble gases.
05

Classification of Helium

Determine which group helium (He) is in by using the periodic table. Helium is part of Group 18, the noble gases.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Halogens
The halogens are a fascinating group of elements known for their reactive properties. They are located in Group 17 of the periodic table and consist of fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Here's how to identify them:
  • Look for elements in the second to last column of the periodic table.
  • They have seven valence electrons, making them highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
  • Halogens often form salts when they react with metals; the term 'halogen' means 'salt-former' in Greek.

In our exercise, chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F) were correctly classified as halogens. The reactive nature of these elements makes them essential in many chemical processes, from disinfection to pharmaceuticals.
Noble Gases
Noble gases are unique and are found in Group 18 of the periodic table. This group includes helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). What sets noble gases apart is their lack of reactivity:
  • They have complete valence shells, which means they rarely participate in chemical reactions.
  • Noble gases are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, and they're found in small amounts in the atmosphere.
  • They are used in various applications such as lighting (neon signs), cooling (liquid helium), and as inert environments for chemical reactions (argon).

Krypton (Kr) and helium (He) from the exercise belong to the noble gases. Their stability makes them invaluable in many high-tech and scientific applications.
Periodic Table Groups
Understanding the periodic table groups is crucial for classifying elements and predicting their behavior. The periodic table is divided into 18 vertical columns called 'groups' or 'families,' each with elements that share common properties:
  • Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their chemical properties.
  • The group number can help predict how an element will react with others. For example, Group 1 contains highly reactive alkali metals.
  • Transition metals, found in the central block of the table, display various oxidation states and are known for forming colorful compounds.

Gallium (Ga), mentioned in the exercise, is in Group 13. It's neither a halogen nor a noble gas but rather a post-transition metal, highlighting the diversity found in the periodic table's different groups.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What does the atomic number of an element specify?

Determine whether each statement is true or false. If false, correct it. (a) The \(\mathrm{Ti}^{2+}\) ion contains 22 protons and 24 electrons. (b) The \(\mathrm{I}^{-}\)ion contains 53 protons and 54 electrons. (c) The \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) ion contains 14 protons and 12 electrons. (d) The \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) ion contains 8 protons and 10 electrons.

What are isotopes?

Write the symbol for each isotope in the form \({ }_{Z}^{A} X\). (a) U-235 (b) V-52 (c) P-32 (d) \(\mathrm{Xe}-144\)

What is a chemical symbol?
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