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Chapter 1: Problem 11

Which of the following represent a chemical transformation? (a) \(4 \mathrm{P}(s)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}(s)\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (c) \(3 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{O}_{3}\) Answer: (a) and (c) because the products are different from the reactants; (b) is a physical change because we have water on both sides of the arrow.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Reactions (a) and (c) represent chemical transformations because the products have different chemical compositions than the reactants. Reaction (b) is a physical change because only the state of matter, not the chemical composition, changes.

Step by step solution

01

Reaction (a)

In this reaction, we have solid phosphorous (P) reacting with oxygen gas (O₂) to form solid phosphorous pentoxide (P₂O₅): \(4 P(s) + 5 O_2(g) \rightarrow 2 P_2O_5(s)\) Here, solid phosphorous and oxygen gas are the reactants, and solid phosphorous pentoxide is the product. The product P₂O₅ has a different chemical composition than the reactants, so this is a chemical transformation.
02

Reaction (b)

In this reaction, we have water vapor (H₂O) condensing to form liquid water (H₂O): \(H_2O(g) \rightarrow H_2O(l)\) In this case, both the reactants and the products are chemically identical (H₂O). Only the state of matter changes from gas to liquid. This is a physical change and not a chemical transformation.
03

Reaction (c)

In this reaction, we have oxygen gas (O₂) reacting to form ozone (O₃): \(3 O_2 \rightarrow 2 O_3\) Here, oxygen gas (O₂) is the reactant, and ozone (O₃) is the product. The product O₃ has a different chemical composition than the reactant O₂, so this is a chemical transformation.
04

Conclusion

Reactions (a) and (c) represent chemical transformations because the products have different chemical compositions than the reactants. Reaction (b) is a physical change because only the state of matter, not the chemical composition, changes.

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