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Chapter 12: Problem 110

There is a bottle of \(4.50 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) solution in the laboratory. Give precise instructions to your assistant on how to use the stock solution to prepare \(100.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a \(4.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaCl}\) solution.

Short Answer

Expert verified
To prepare 100.0 mL of a 4.00 M NaCl solution from the 4.50 M stock solution, measure 88.9 mL of the stock solution using a graduated cylinder or volumetric pipette, and transfer it to a beaker or flask. Add distilled water until the final volume reaches 100.0 mL, then mix the solution thoroughly by swirling.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the volume of the stock solution needed

To determine the volume of the 4.50 M NaCl stock solution needed, we will use the equation \( C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \). We want to solve for \(V_1\), so we can rearrange the equation to get: \( V_1 = \frac{C_2V_2}{C_1} \). Using the given information, we have: - \(C_1 = 4.50~\text{M}\) (initial concentration) - \(C_2 = 4.00~\text{M}\) (final concentration) - \(V_2 = 100.0~\text{mL}\) (final volume) Plugging in these values, we get: \( V_1 = \frac{(4.00~\text{M})(100.0~\text{mL})}{4.50~\text{M}} \)
02

Calculate the required volume of the stock solution

By solving the equation from Step 1, we can find the volume of the stock solution needed: \( V_1 = \frac{(4.00~\text{M})(100.0~\text{mL})}{4.50~\text{M}} = 88.9~\text{mL} \)
03

Measure and transfer the required volume of the stock solution

Instruct the assistant to measure 88.9 mL of the 4.50 M NaCl stock solution using a graduated cylinder or a volumetric pipette. The assistant should then transfer the measured volume to a clean beaker or flask.
04

Add water to the solution to dilute it to the desired concentration

The assistant should now carefully add distilled water to the beaker or flask containing the 88.9 mL of 4.50 M NaCl stock solution. The assistant should continue adding water until the final total volume of the solution reaches 100.0 mL. They can use a graduated cylinder to measure the added water or add water directly to a 100.0 mL volumetric flask if the solution was transferred to a flask in Step 3.
05

Mix the solution thoroughly

Once the water is added, the assistant should gently mix the solution by swirling the beaker or flask. This will ensure that the NaCl is evenly distributed in the solution, resulting in a 4.00 M NaCl solution. Following these steps will result in 100.0 mL of a 4.00 M NaCl solution prepared from the 4.50 M NaCl stock solution.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An alcohol-water solution is \(35.00\) vol \% alcohol. How much solution is required to obtain \(200.0\) \(\mathrm{mL}\) of alcohol?

The dissolving of a solute (like \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) ) into a solvent (like water) can be thought of as a threestep process. (a) Briefly name or describe these three steps. (b) What are the energy implications of each step? (exothermic, endothermic, depends on the particular solvent/solute) (c) Which of the three steps is primarily responsible for the "like dissolves like" rule for solubility?

If liquid water is introduced into an evacuated (zero pressure) flask, the pressure will begin to rise. (a) Eventually, the pressure will stop rising and reach a constant value. Why does it stop rising? (b) What do we call this pressure? (c) What will happen to this pressure if we increase the temperature of the flask? Why does it happen?

What is the difference between hydration and solvation? Does one process always release more energy than the other? Explain.

The dissolving of a solute into a solvent can be thought of as a three-step process. The drinking alcohol, ethanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OH}\right)\), is infinitely soluble in water. However, another alcohol called pentanol, with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OH}\), is nearly insoluble in water. (a) Which of the three steps in the solubility model is most responsible for this difference in solubility? Describe the step you choose (specify its name). (b) Give a BRIEF explanation for your choice.
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