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Chapter 12: Problem 138

What does the word colligative mean when referring to colligative properties of a substance? Also, give three examples of colligative properties.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The term "colligative" refers to properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles present, rather than the type or nature of these particles. Three examples of colligative properties are: 1) Freezing point depression, which is the decrease in the freezing point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added, 2) Boiling point elevation, which is the phenomenon where the boiling point of a solvent increases upon the addition of a non-volatile solute, and 3) Osmotic pressure, which refers to the pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane separating the solute and solvent concentrations.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Colligative

The term "colligative" refers to properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute particles present, rather than the type or nature of these particles. Essentially, colligative properties allow scientists to study the effects of solute concentration and presence on the overall properties of a given solution.
02

Example 1: Freezing Point Depression

Freezing point depression refers to the decrease in the freezing point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added. As the solute concentration increases, the freezing point of the solution decreases. This property is independent of the identity of the solute and is determined only by the amount of solute present in the solution.
03

Example 2: Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling point elevation is the phenomenon where the boiling point of a solvent increases upon the addition of a non-volatile solute. The more solute particles present, the higher the boiling point of the solution. This property also relies only on the number of solute particles and not their specific identity.
04

Example 3: Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic pressure refers to the pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane, separating the solute and solvent concentrations. The osmotic pressure of a solution depends on the concentration of the solute particles present. It is independent of the type of solute particles and only relies on the number of particles in the solution.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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