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Chapter 12: Problem 2

Identify the solvent and solute or solutes in each solution: (a) Nail-polish remover ( \(30 \%\) acetone in water) (b) Humid air (c) Stainless steel (see Practice Problem 12.1) (d) Aqueous solution of aspirin

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Solvent: Water, Solute: Acetone (b) Solvent: Air, Solute: Water vapor (c) Solvent: Iron, Solutes: Chromium, Nickel, Carbon, etc. (d) Solvent: Water, Solute: Aspirin

Step by step solution

01

(a) Nail-polish remover (30% acetone in water)

In this case, water is the substance in which acetone is dissolved. Therefore, water is the solvent and acetone is the solute.
02

(b) Humid air

In humid air, we have a mixture of air and water vapor. The water vapor is dissolved in the air, so air is the solvent and water vapor is the solute.
03

(c) Stainless steel (see Practice Problem 12.1)

Stainless steel is an alloy consisting mainly of iron, with some chromium, nickel, carbon, and other elements. Iron is the primary constituent, so we can consider it as the solvent in which other elements, such as chromium, nickel, and carbon, are dissolved, making them solutes.
04

(d) Aqueous solution of aspirin

Aqueous solution means we have a substance dissolved in water, so water will be the solvent. Aspirin is dissolved in the water, making it the solute.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Combustion analysis reveals vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) to be \(40.9 \%\) by mass \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(4.58 \%\) by mass \(\mathrm{H}\). The only other element present is oxygen. A solution of \(19.40 \mathrm{~g}\) of vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) in \(100.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of water freezes at \(22.05^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the molecular formula of vitamin \(C\) ?

Citric acid can produce \(3 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)\) ions per molecule. A solution of citric acid is prepared by dissolving \(0.177 \mathrm{~g}\) of solid citric acid in enough water to yield \(100.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of solution. When this solution is titrated with \(0.1001 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}(a q)\), the indicator turns color after \(27.55 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(\mathrm{NaOH}(a q)\) has been added. (a) What is the molar concentration of citric acid? (b) What is the molar mass of citric acid?

What is the mass in grams of the nitrogen atoms in \(100.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(1.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) solution?

Soap molecules not only form spherical micelles in water, they also form spherical vesicles, which you can picture as thick-walled hollow spheres. Here is a cross section of such a vesicle, with the blue regions representing water: Unlike a micelle, a vesicle traps water in its interior. What gives a vesicle this ability? (If you are having trouble with the difference between micelles and vesicles, think of a baseball and a hollow rubber ball. The baseball, with no empty space inside, is analogous to the micelle, and the hollow ball is analogous to the vesicle.)

How many milliliters of a \(1.00 \mathrm{M}\) solution of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) are required to obtain \(5.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{NaCl} ?\)
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