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Chapter 12: Problem 67

Which has the greater hydration energy, \(\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}\) or NaCl? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
AlCl₃ has a greater hydration energy than NaCl, as the Al³⁺ ion is smaller and more highly charged than the Na⁺ ion, leading to stronger electrostatic interactions between the ion and water molecules. This results in a larger amount of energy being released during the hydration process.

Step by step solution

01

Define hydration energy

Hydration energy is the energy that is released when one mole of gaseous ions combines with water to form hydrated ions. It is an exothermic process and its value depends on the size and charge of the ions being hydrated. Smaller and more highly charged ions typically have higher hydration energies.
02

Identify the ions in AlCl₃ and NaCl

In AlCl₃, we have the aluminum ion, Al³⁺, and the chloride ion, Cl⁻. In NaCl, we have the sodium ion, Na⁺, and the chloride ion, Cl⁻.
03

Compare the size and charge of Al³⁺ and Na⁺ ions

The aluminum ion, Al³⁺, is smaller and has a higher charge (3⁺) than the sodium ion, Na⁺ (1⁺). This means that Al³⁺ ions will exhibit stronger electrostatic interactions with water's polar molecules due to their higher charge, leading to a larger hydration energy.
04

Compare the hydration energies of AlCl₃ and NaCl

Since the hydration energy is determined mainly by the cations (Al³⁺ and Na⁺) in the salts, we can compare their hydration energies based on these cations' properties. As mentioned earlier, Al³⁺ has a higher charge and is smaller than Na⁺. This indicates that AlCl₃ will have a higher hydration energy compared to NaCl.
05

Conclusion

AlCl₃ has a greater hydration energy than NaCl, as the Al³⁺ ion is smaller and more highly charged than the Na⁺ ion, leading to stronger electrostatic interactions between the ion and water molecules. This results in a larger amount of energy being released during the hydration process.

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