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Chapter 13: Problem 106

In each reaction, indicate which bonds are broken and which bonds are formed: (a) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5} \rightarrow \mathrm{PCl}_{3}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2}+2 \mathrm{ICl} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{HCl}+\mathrm{I}_{2}\) (d) \(4 \mathrm{HBr}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+2 \mathrm{Br}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Bonds broken: 1 N-N bond, 3 H-H bonds; Bonds formed: 6 N-H bonds (b) Bonds broken: 5 P-Cl bonds; Bonds formed: 3 P-Cl bonds, 1 Cl-Cl bond (c) Bonds broken: 1 H-H bond, 2 I-Cl bonds; Bonds formed: 2 H-Cl bonds, 1 I-I bond (d) Bonds broken: 4 H-Br bonds, 1 O=O bond; Bonds formed: 4 O-H bonds, 2 Br-Br bonds

Step by step solution

01

(a) Reaction: N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3

In the reactant side, we have one N-N bond in the N2 molecule and three H-H bonds in the three H2 molecules. On the product side, we have two NH3 molecules, which have one N-H bond each. Bonds broken: 1. One N-N bond in N2 molecule 2. Three H-H bonds in H2 molecules Bonds formed: 1. Six N-H bonds in 2 NH3 molecules
02

(b) Reaction: PCl5 -> PCl3 + Cl2

In the reactant side, we have one PCl5 molecule, which has five P-Cl bonds. On the product side, we have one PCl3 molecule, which has three P-Cl bonds, and one Cl-Cl bond in the Cl2 molecule. Bonds broken: 1. Five P-Cl bonds in PCl5 molecule Bonds formed: 1. Three P-Cl bonds in PCl3 molecule 2. One Cl-Cl bond in Cl2 molecule
03

(c) Reaction: H2 + 2ICl -> 2HCl + I2

In the reactant side, we have one H-H bond in the H2 molecule and two I-Cl bonds in the two ICl molecules. On the product side, we have two HCl molecules (each with an H-Cl bond) and one I-I bond in the I2 molecule. Bonds broken: 1. One H-H bond in H2 molecule 2. Two I-Cl bonds in ICl molecules Bonds formed: 1. Two H-Cl bonds in 2 HCl molecules 2. One I-I bond in I2 molecule
04

(d) Reaction: 4HBr + O2 -> 2H2O + 2Br2

In the reactant side, we have four H-Br bonds in the four HBr molecules and one O=O bond in the O2 molecule. On the product side, we have two H2O molecules (each with two O-H bonds) and two Br-Br bonds in the two Br2 molecules. Bonds broken: 1. Four H-Br bonds in HBr molecules 2. One O=O bond in O2 molecule Bonds formed: 1. Four O-H bonds in 2 H2O molecules 2. Two Br-Br bonds in 2 Br2 molecules

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Section \(6.1\), the development of the first antibiotics was described. Was this accomplished by making modified versions of the lock or the key? Explain your answer.

Does the rate constant \(k\) increase, decrease, or stay the same when: (a) You increase the temperature (explain your choice fully). (b) You add a catalyst (explain your choice fully).

True or false? An energy-downhill reaction can always be expected to be faster than an energyuphill reaction. Explain your answer.

Write the overall balanced chemical equation that goes along with the mechanism: Elementary step 1: \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cl}\) Elementary step \(2: \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{CHCl}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{HCl}+\mathrm{CCl}_{3}\) Elementary step \(3: \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{CCl}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{CCl}_{4}\)

True or false? The orders in a rate law are equal to the balancing coefficients in the slowest elementary step in a mechanism.
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