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Chapter 13: Problem 29

Indicate if the following reactions are examples of a substitution reaction. Explain for each. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{I}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I} \rightarrow\left[\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{NH}_{3}\right]^{+} \mathrm{I}^{-}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Yes, the reaction \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{I}^{-}\) is a substitution reaction because the iodine atom is replaced by a chlorine atom from the chloride ion. (b) Yes, the reaction \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I} \rightarrow\left[\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{NH}_{3}\right]^{+} \mathrm{I}^{-}\) is a substitution reaction because the iodine atom from methyl iodide is replaced by the whole ammonia molecule, forming an ammonium ion and an iodide ion.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of a Substitution Reaction

A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction where one functional group or atom in a molecule is replaced by another functional group or atom. Now, let's analyze each reaction and determine if it is an example of a substitution reaction. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}+\mathrm{I}^{-}\)
02

Reaction Analysis (a)

In this reaction, we see that the iodine atom (I) attached to the methyl group (\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\)) is replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl) from the chloride ion (\(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\)). Since there is a replacement of one atom by another, this reaction can be considered a substitution reaction. (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I} \rightarrow\left[\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{NH}_{3}\right]^{+} \mathrm{I}^{-}\)
03

Reaction Analysis (b)

In this reaction, ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\)) is reacting with a methyl iodide molecule (\(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{I}\)). The iodine atom (I) from methyl iodide is replaced by the whole ammonia molecule, forming an ammonium ion with a positive charge and an iodide ion with a negative charge. In this case, one functional group (I) is replaced by another functional group (NH3), so this reaction can also be considered a substitution reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

True or false? A catalyst in a reaction decreases the energy gap between reactants and products. If the statement is false, explain why.

True or false? (a) The orders \(x\) and \(y\) in a rate law are written directly from the balancing coefficients from the balanced equation for a reaction. (b) The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the individual orders of the reactants. (c) If you start a reaction with just reactants (no product present), then the rate of the reaction will remain constant with time. (d) If you start a reaction with just reactants (no product present), then the rate of the reaction will decrease with time.

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