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Chapter 13: Problem 99

Which of the following will slow down a chemical reaction? (a) Increase concentration of reactants. (b) Add catalyst. (c) Decrease temperature. (d) All of the above.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is (c) Decrease temperature, as it slows down a chemical reaction by reducing the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to less frequent and less forceful collisions. Options (a) and (b) increase the reaction rate and do not slow it down.

Step by step solution

01

Option (a): Increase concentration of reactants

Increasing the concentration of reactants increases the number of molecules available for collisions, thereby increasing the frequency of collisions and the chance of reactions occurring. So, increasing the concentration of reactants increases the rate of the chemical reaction. Thus, this option does not slow down a chemical reaction.
02

Option (b): Add catalyst

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up itself. It does so by lowering the activation energy, which means that the reaction can proceed faster even at lower temperatures. Thus, adding a catalyst does not slow down the reaction, but rather increases the reaction rate. Hence, this option does not slow down a chemical reaction.
03

Option (c): Decrease temperature

The rate of a chemical reaction generally increases with increasing temperature because higher temperature provides more kinetic energy to the particles, allowing them to collide more frequently and with more force. Conversely, decreasing the temperature reduces the kinetic energy of the particles, meaning they collide less frequently and with less force. Therefore, decreasing the temperature slows down the chemical reaction. So, this option does slow down a chemical reaction.
04

Option (d): All of the above

We have concluded that option (a) increases the reaction rate, option (b) increases the reaction rate as well, and option (c) slows down the reaction rate. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all of the options slow down a chemical reaction, as only option (c) fulfills this condition. Hence, the correct answer is (c) Decrease temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. Rewrite each false statement to make it true. (a) The exponents in the rate law for a reaction that has a one-step mechanism can be determined from the balanced equation for the reaction. (b) A rate law can be used to prove that a proposed mechanism is correct. (c) The step \(\mathrm{A}+\mathrm{X}+\mathrm{Y} \rightarrow \mathrm{AX}+\mathrm{Y}\) in a reaction mechanism is plausible. (d) A reaction intermediate appears first as a reactant and then as a product in a reaction mechanism.

Why would decreasing the volume of a container in which a gas-phase reaction is taking place speed up the reaction?

Would decreasing the size of \(E_{a}\) increase or decrease the rate of a reaction? Explain your choice fully.

Compound A converts to compound \(\mathrm{B} ; \Delta E_{\mathrm{rxn}}\) is \(-100 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Is compound \(\mathrm{B}\) at a higher or lower energy level than compound A? By how much?

What is the general name given to biological catalysts?
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