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Chapter 15: Problem 42

List the three criteria early chemists used to classify a compound as an acid.

Short Answer

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Early chemists used the following three criteria to classify a compound as an acid: (1) sour taste, (2) reaction with metals producing hydrogen gas, and (3) the effect on color indicators, such as turning blue litmus paper red.

Step by step solution

01

1. Taste

Early chemists used taste as one of the criteria to classify a compound as an acid. Acids are known for their sour taste, which is a distinctive characteristic of acidic solutions.
02

2. Reaction with Metals

Another criterion used by early chemists to identify a compound as an acid is its reaction with metals. Acids react with certain metals, such as zinc or magnesium, resulting in the production of hydrogen gas.
03

3. Effect on Color Indicators

The third criterion that early chemists used to classify a compound as an acid is the effect it has on color indicators. Acids have a unique effect on certain plant extracts and synthetic dyes, changing their color. For example, acids turn blue litmus paper red.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When a strong acid is added to a buffer, the \(\mathrm{pH}\) changes a little bit. (a) Does the pH increase or decrease? (b) Why does the \(\mathrm{pH}\) change at all? Why doesn't the buffer hold the \(\mathrm{pH}\) constant?

Without using a calculator, what is the base-10 logarithm of \(10^{13}\) ?

Does pure liquid water have any buffering ability? Explain.

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between each pair of reactants, using single or double arrows as appropriate: (a) \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HCl}\) and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HCN}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)

An aqueous solution has an \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}\) ' concentration of \(1.0 \mathrm{M}\). What is the OH concentration? Is this solution acidic or basic? Justify your answer.
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