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Chapter 16: Problem 47

What is meant by the term radioactive decay?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves, resulting in the conversion of the initial unstable nucleus (parent atom) to a more stable nucleus (daughter atom). Important types of radioactive decay include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. This concept is essential in various fields like nuclear physics, geology, environmental science, and medical applications.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Radioactive Decay

Radioactive decay refers to the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. This process results in the conversion of the initial unstable nucleus (parent atom) to a more stable nucleus (daughter atom), possibly undergoing several steps until a stable atom is formed.
02

Types of Radioactive Decay

There are several types of radioactive decay, and some important ones include: 1. Alpha decay: In this process, an alpha particle composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons is emitted. The atomic number (Z) of the daughter atom decreases by 2, and the mass number (A) decreases by 4. 2. Beta decay: In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, and an electron (beta particle) is emitted. The atomic number (Z) of the daughter atom increases by 1, while the mass number (A) remains unchanged. 3. Gamma decay: This type of decay involves the emission of a high-energy photon known as a gamma-ray. No change in the atomic number (Z) or mass number (A) occurs.
03

Importance of Radioactive Decay

Radioactive decay is an essential concept in various fields like nuclear physics, geology, environmental science, and medical applications such as cancer treatments. Understanding the fundamental principles of radioactive decay helps to gain insights into the stability of atomic nuclei, the processes that power stars, the age of rocks and fossils, and the principles of radiocarbon dating, among others.

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