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Chapter 16: Problem 48

Write the full symbol for a neutron, a proton, ? electron, and a positron.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Neutron: \(^1_0 n\), Proton: \(^1_1 p\), Electron: \(^0_{-1} e\), Positron: \(^0_{1} e^+\)

Step by step solution

01

Notation for a Neutron

A neutron is a neutral particle (no charge) found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass number of 1 (represented by the letter 'n'). The full symbol for a neutron is: \[ ^1_0 n \] The mass number (1) is written as a superscript on the left side, and the charge (0) is written as a subscript on the left side, followed by the symbol 'n'.
02

Notation for a Proton

A proton is a positively charged particle (charge +1) found in the nucleus of an atom, with a mass number of 1 (represented by the letter 'p'). The full symbol for a proton is: \[ ^1_1 p \] The mass number (1) is written as a superscript on the left side, and the charge (+1) is written as a subscript on the left side, followed by the symbol 'p'.
03

Notation for an Electron

An electron is a negatively charged particle (charge -1) that orbits the nucleus of an atom, with a mass number of 0 (represented by the letter 'e'). The full symbol for an electron is: \[ ^0_{-1} e \] The mass number (0) is written as a superscript on the left side, and the charge (-1) is written as a subscript on the left side, followed by the symbol 'e'.
04

Notation for a Positron

A positron is a positively charged particle (charge +1) with a mass number of 0, and it is the antimatter counterpart of an electron (represented by the letter 'e' with a '+' symbol). The full symbol for a positron is: \[ ^0_{1} e^+ \] The mass number (0) is written as a superscript on the left side, and the charge (+1) is written as a subscript on the left side, followed by the symbol 'e' and a '+' sign to indicate its positive charge.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The tungsten isotope \({ }_{74}^{162} \mathrm{~W}\) is radioactive and decays by converting a proton to a neutron. (a) Where is this atom likely to lie in the band of stability? (b) Write two nuclear reactions that describe this decay process. (c) Which type of decay is represented by each reaction you wrote in part (b)?

Rubidium- 87, a beta emitter, is a product of positron emission. (a) Identify the parent nucleus of \({ }^{87} \mathrm{Rb}\). (b) When the parent nucleus named in part (a) decays, does the \(\mathrm{n} / \mathrm{p}\) ratio increase or decrease?

How does radiation damage living organisms?

For a fission or fusion reaction to be exothermic, what must be true about the mass defects of the products compared to the mass defect of the reactants? Explain fully.

Polonium-210, an alpha emitter, has a halflife of \(138.4\) days. Suppose you were to collect the helium gas originating from the alpha particles. How many milliliters of helium gas at standard temperature and pressure would you collect from \(1.000 \mathrm{~g}\) of polonium dioxide, \(\mathrm{PoO}_{2}\), in a period of \(138.4\) days? [Assume all the polonium in the sample is \({ }^{210} \mathrm{Po}\), molar mass \(209.98287 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Alpha emission from polonium- 210 yields the nonradioactive isotope lead-206; see Problem 16.103.]
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