Name all the functional groups possible for molecules that have the molecular formulas (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\), (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2} .\) Draw a structural formula for each functionalized hydrocarbon.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For the molecular formula (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\), the functional groups are Alcohol (R-OH) and Ether (R-O-R). Functionalized hydrocarbons are 1-butanol, 2-butanol (alcohols), methoxypropane, and diethyl ether (ethers). For the molecular formula (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\), the functional groups are Aldehyde (R-CHO), Ketone (R-C(=O)-R), and Epoxy (C-O-C in a ring). Functionalized hydrocarbons are butanal (aldehyde), 2-butanone (ketone), and 1,2-epoxybutane (epoxy). For the molecular formula (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), the functional groups are Acid (R-COOH), Ester (R-COO-R), and Diols (R-OH + R-OH). Functionalized hydrocarbons are butanoic acid (acid), ethyl acetate (ester), and 1,2-butandiol, 1,3-butandiol, and 1,4-butandiol (diols).

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identify the functional groups for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\)

: For this molecular formula, we have 4 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. The functional groups are: 1. Alcohol (R-OH) 2. Ether (R-O-R)
02

(a) Draw the structural formulas for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) functionalized hydrocarbons

: We will draw the structural formulas for each functional group: 1. Alcohol: - Butanol (1-butanol): \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-OH}\) - 2-butanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{CH}_{3})\mathrm{-OH}\) 2. Ether: -Methoxypropane: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-O}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) -Diethyl ether: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-O}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\)
03

(b) Identify the functional groups for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\)

: For this molecular formula, we have 4 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. The functional groups are: 1. Aldehyde (R-CHO) 2. Ketone (R-C(=O)-R) 3. Epoxy (C-O-C in a ring)
04

(b) Draw the structural formulas for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\) functionalized hydrocarbons

: We will draw the structural formulas for each functional group: 1. Aldehyde: - Butanal: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHO}\) 2. Ketone: - 2-butanone: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}-\mathrm{C}(=\mathrm{O})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 3. Epoxy: - 1,2-epoxybutane: \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}(\mathrm{O})\mathrm{-CH}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\)
05

(c) Identify the functional groups for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

: For this molecular formula, we have 4 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. The functional groups are: 1. Acid (R-COOH) 2. Ester (R-COO-R) 3. Diols (R-OH + R-OH)
06

(c) Draw the structural formulas for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) functionalized hydrocarbons

: We will draw the structural formulas for each functional group: 1. Acid: - Butanoic acid: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}\) 2. Ester: - Ethyl acetate: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{COO}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) 3. Diols: - 1,2-butandiol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) - 1,3-butandiol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) - 1,4-butandiol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}_{2}\mathrm{-CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\)

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