Consider this incomplete drawing of a threecarbon hydrocarbon: (a) Complete the drawing by adding hydrogen atoms. (b) Complete the drawing by changing one \(C-C\) single bond to \(a C=C\) double bond and then adding hydrogen atoms. (c) Complete the drawing by changing one \(C-C\) single bond to \(a C \equiv C\) triple bond and then adding hydrogen atoms.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The complete drawing with added hydrogen atoms is: H-CH2-CH2-CH3 (b) The complete drawing with one C=C double bond and hydrogen atoms is: H2C=CH-CH3 (c) The complete drawing with one C≡C triple bond and hydrogen atoms is: HC≡C-CH3

Step by step solution

01

Identify bonding capacity of Carbon

Carbon forms four bonds with other atoms in a molecule, so each Carbon atom in the given hydrocarbon should have four bonds. In the given structure, one carbon has one bond, and other carbon atoms have two bonds, so, for each carbon, we should add enough hydrogens to fill the remaining bond capacity.
02

Add hydrogen atoms

For the given hydrocarbon, we will add 3 hydrogen atoms to the first carbon (C1), 2 hydrogen atoms to the second carbon (C2), and 3 hydrogen atoms to the third carbon (C3). The complete drawing will be: H-CH2-CH2-CH3 #b: Change one C-C single bond to C=C double bond, and add hydrogen atoms#
03

Change one C-C single bond to C=C double bond

We will change the first C-C single bond to a C=C double bond: H2C=CH-CH3
04

Add hydrogen atoms where needed

Because of the double bond, the first carbon (C1) now has a bonding capacity of 4 and doesn't need any more hydrogen atoms. Carbon 2 (C2) also has a bonding capacity of 4, and doesn't need any more hydrogen atoms, but Carbon 3 (C3) still needs 3 hydrogen atoms to achieve a bonding capacity of 4. The complete drawing will be: H2C=CH-CH3 #c: Change one C-C single bond to C≡C triple bond, and add hydrogen atoms#
05

Change one C-C single bond to C≡C triple bond

We will change the first C-C single bond to a C≡C triple bond: HC≡C-CH3
06

Add hydrogen atoms where needed

Because of the triple bond, the first carbon (C1) now has a bonding capacity of 4 and doesn't need any more hydrogen atoms. Carbon 2 (C2) also has a bonding capacity of 4, and doesn't need any more hydrogen atoms, but Carbon 3 (C3) still needs 3 hydrogen atoms to achieve a bonding capacity of 4. The complete drawing will be: HC≡C-CH3

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