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Chapter 17: Problem 31

Draw as many different structural formulas as you can of a branched six-carbon hydrocarbon that contains only \(C-C\) single bonds. Show all \(\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) atoms.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The branched six-carbon hydrocarbon containing only C-C single bonds forms four different isomers: Hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, and 2,2-dimethylbutane. Their structural formulas are as follows: 1. Hexane: H H H H H H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-C | | | | | | H H H H H H 2. 2-methylpentane: H H H | | | H H H-C-C-C-H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-H | | | | | H H H H H 3. 3-methylpentane: H H H | | | H H H-C-C-C-H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-H H | | | H H H 4. 2,2-dimethylbutane: H H H H | | | | H H-C-C-C-C-H H | | | | | | | | C-C-C C-C H H H | | | | | | H H H H H H

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Structure of Alkanes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single carbon-carbon(C-C) bonds and carbon-hydrogen(C-H) bonds. Each carbon atom in an alkane forms four bonds (either with hydrogen or carbon) because carbon has four valence electrons. For a six-carbon hydrocarbon, there will be a total of 14 hydrogen atoms as the general formula for alkanes is \(C_nH_{2n+2}\). In this case, \(n = 6\), which gives us \(C_6H_{14}\).
02

Identify the Different Possible Arrangements of Carbon Atoms

Since we have six carbon atoms, we start with a straight-chain structure and then try various possible branched structures while making sure each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms (carbon or hydrogen). 1. Straight-chain structure: Hexane 2. 5-carbon chain with one branch on carbon 2: 2-methylpentane 3. 5-carbon chain with one branch on carbon 3: 3-methylpentane 4. 4-carbon chain with two branches on carbon 2: 2,2-dimethylbutane These four structures represent different isomers of C6H14, and there are no other possible structural arrangements for a branched six-carbon hydrocarbon containing only C-C single bonds.
03

Draw the Structural Formulas

1. Hexane: H H H H H H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-C | | | | | | H H H H H H 2. 2-methylpentane: H H H | | | H H H-C-C-C-H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-H | | | | | H H H H H 3. 3-methylpentane: H H H | | | H H H-C-C-C-H | | | | | | C-C-C-C-C-H H | | | H H H 4. 2,2-dimethylbutane: H H H H | | | | H H-C-C-C-C-H H | | | | | | | | C-C-C C-C H H H | | | | | | H H H H H H These are the four structural formulas for the branched six-carbon hydrocarbon containing only C-C single bonds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Wood alcohol is toxic to humans but not to horses. Explain why, and also explain why wood alcohol poisoning in humans is treated by having the patient consume ethanol.

Make a line drawing of 5,5 -dimethyl-1-hexene. What would be wrong with calling this compound 2,2 -dimethyl-5-hexene?

Why are there more compounds of carbon than of any other element?

What endings are added to the root alk- to name hydrocarbons containing all \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) single bonds, hydrocarbons containing one or more \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) double bonds, and hydrocarbons containing one or more \(\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}\) triple bonds?

Draw the structural formulas for 1-chloropropane, 1-propanol, 1-aminopropane, 2-propanone, propanoic acid, and propanal. Then label each molecule indicating the type of functionalized hydrocarbon it is (alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and so on).
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