What endings are added to the root alk- to name hydrocarbons containing all \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) single bonds, hydrocarbons containing one or more \(\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}\) double bonds, and hydrocarbons containing one or more \(\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}\) triple bonds?

To name a hydrocarbon with all single bonds (alkanes), we use the prefix "alk" and add the ending "-ane" to the root. These hydrocarbons follow the general formula \(\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n+2}\), where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. For example, methane (\(\mathrm{CH}_4\)), ethane (\(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_6\)), and propane (\(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_8\)) are all alkanes with no double or triple bonds.

To name a hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (alkenes), we add the ending "-ene" to the root "alk". Alkenes follow the general formula \(\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n}\), where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Additionally, we need to indicate the position of the double bond in the hydrocarbon chain using a number. The number should be as low as possible, and it corresponds to the first carbon of the double bond. For example, ethene (\(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_4\)), propene (\(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_6\)), and butene with a double bond between carbons 1 and 2 (\(\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_8\)) are examples of alkenes.

To name a hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (alkynes), we add the ending "-yne" to the root "alk". Alkynes follow the general formula \(\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n-2}\), where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Similar to alkenes, we need to indicate the position of the triple bond in the hydrocarbon chain using a number. The number should be as low as possible, and it corresponds to the first carbon of the triple bond. For example, ethyne (\(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_2\)), propyne (\(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_4\)), and butyne with a triple bond between carbons 1 and 2 (\(\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_6\)) are examples of alkynes. In conclusion, for the root "alk-", we add the endings "-ane" for hydrocarbons containing all single bonds, "-ene" for hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds, and "-yne" for hydrocarbons containing one or more triple bonds.