Explain how hydrocarbons containing an \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group are named.

Short Answer

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Hydrocarbons containing an \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group are called amines and are named following IUPAC rules. First, identify the longest continuous carbon chain containing the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group, then number the carbon atoms giving the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group the lowest possible number. List any substituents with their numeric position, arranged alphabetically. Replace the '-ane' ending of the parent alkane with '-amine' or use 'aniline' for aromatic compounds. Include the number of the carbon atom to which the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group is attached before the '-amine' or 'aniline' part.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction to amines

Hydrocarbons with an \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group belong to the class of organic compounds called amines. Amines are derived from ammonia (NH3) where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The basic structure is \(\mathrm{R-NH}_{2}\), where R represents the alkyl or aryl group.
02

Identify the parent chain

To name hydrocarbons with an \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group, first, identify the parent carbon chain, which is the longest continuous carbon chain containing the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group attached to it. In case of substituents, find the parent chain such that it has the maximum number of substituent groups.
03

Numbering the parent chain

Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, starting from the end closest to the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group. The numbering should be done in a way that gives the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group the lowest possible number. If there are any other substituent groups or side chains, their positions should also be numbered in a way that gives them the lowest possible numbers.
04

Name the substituents and side chains

List the names of the substituents and side chains along with their numeric position at the beginning of the name. They should be arranged in alphabetical order, and if there are more than one of the same substituent or side chain, use prefixes like di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. to indicate their number.
05

Add '-amine' to the parent chain's name

Replace the '-ane' ending of the parent alkane with '-amine'. If the compound is derived from an aromatic compound, use 'aniline' instead of 'amine'. Include the number of the carbon atom, to which the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group is attached, right before the '-amine' or 'aniline' part. For example, if the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group is attached to the second carbon atom of a three-carbon chain, the name would be '2-propanamine'.
06

Example: Naming an amine

Let's take the example of the following amine: CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3. Here, the parent chain is a three-carbon chain, and the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) group is attached to the second carbon atom. So, according to the rules, we would name this compound as '2-propanamine'.

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