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Chapter 18: Problem 42

The DNA bases always hydrogen-bond in specific pairs. What are those pairs?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The specific hydrogen-bond pairs of the DNA bases are adenine (A) with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) with guanine (G), according to Chargaff's rules. These pairings are crucial for DNA replication, transcription, and stability.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the DNA bases

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is made up of four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases are the genetic building blocks in DNA that store information and define an individual's characteristics.
02

Understand the hydrogen-bond pairing rules

The DNA bases hydrogen-bond with each other in specific pairs according to Chargaff's rules. These rules state that the amount of adenine (A) present will always equal the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) will always equal the amount of guanine (G).
03

Present the specific pairs of hydrogen-bonding DNA bases

According to Chargaff's rules, the specific hydrogen-bond pairings of the DNA bases are as follows: 1. Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T). 2. Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G). These base pairings are crucial for DNA replication, transcription, and the stability of the DNA structure.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What two peptides are possible from the combination of alanine and glycine? Draw both of them.

In the olden days (the \(1970 \mathrm{~s})\), the sequence of amino acids in a protein was determined by running a series of chemical reactions known as the Edman degradation. This technique worked only on short peptide chains, however, and large proteins had to be broken down into small parts in order to be sequenced. One way to chop large proteins into small chains was with enzymes known as proteases. The protease trypsin breaks the amide bond on the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\) side of arginine and lysine, and the protease chymotrypsin breaks the amide bond on the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\) side of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. An octapeptide treated with trypsin breaks down to the peptides Ala-Gly-Trp-Gly-Lys and Thr-Val-Lys, and the same octapeptide treated with chymotrypsin breaks down to the peptides Gly-Lys and Thr-Val-Lys-Ala-Gly-Trp. What is the sequence of the octapeptide?

What is a polymer? How does it differ from a monomer?

How does glucose differ structurally from sucrose?

Amino acids are a sort of self-contradiction because they contain both a basic group (the \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) end) and an acidic group (the \(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\) end \()\) in the same molecule. Therefore, it should not surprise you that, when dissolved in water, an amino acid can react with itself to form what is known as a zwitterion. Based on this information, (a) Draw the structural formula for the form of the amino acid alanine you would expect to find in a neutral water solution. What is the net electrical charge on this species? (b) Enough concentrated \(\mathrm{HCl}\) is added to the solution of part (a) to make it strongly acidic. Draw the structural formula for the form of alanine you expect to find in this solution. What is the net charge on the alanine? (c) Enough concentrated \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) is added to the solution of part (a) to make it strongly basic. Draw the structural formula for the form of alanine you expect to find in this solution. What is the net charge on the alanine now?
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