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Chapter 3: Problem 110

Explain the major difference between Thomson's model of the atom and Rutherford's model. Draw a picture of each model.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The major difference between Thomson's and Rutherford's models is the distribution of the positive charge and the presence of the nucleus. In Thomson's Plum Pudding Model, the positive charge is uniformly distributed throughout the atom with electrons scattered within. In Rutherford's Nuclear Model, the positive charge is concentrated in a central nucleus, with electrons orbiting around it at large distances. Thomson's Model: [\(\oplus\ \ominus\ \oplus\ \ominus\ \oplus\)] Rutherford's Model: [+\(_{nucleus}\) → \(-_{electron}\) ]

Step by step solution

01

Thomson's Model: The Plum Pudding Model

Thomson's model of the atom, also known as the Plum Pudding Model, proposed that atoms were composed of negatively charged electrons dispersed within a uniform, positively charged sphere. This model was based on the discovery of the electron and the assumption that the positive charge necessary to neutralize the negative charge of the electrons was distributed evenly throughout the atom. Step 2: Understanding Rutherford's model
02

Rutherford's Model: The Nuclear Model

Rutherford's model of the atom, known as the Nuclear Model, was developed through his famous gold foil experiment. He discovered that the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom were concentrated in a small central nucleus, while the negatively charged electrons orbited around the nucleus at relatively large distances. This model overturned the idea of a uniform distribution of charges proposed in Thomson's model. Step 3: Major Difference between the two models
03

Major Difference between Thomson's and Rutherford's Models

The major difference between Thomson's model and Rutherford's model lies in the distribution of the positive charge and the presence of the nucleus. In Thomson's model, the positive charge was thought to be uniformly distributed throughout the atom, while in Rutherford's model, the positive charge was concentrated in a central nucleus. Step 4: Drawing a picture of Thomson's model
04

Drawing Thomson's Model: The Plum Pudding Model

To draw Thomson's model, create a circle to represent the positively charged sphere, and then place dots randomly within the sphere to represent the negatively charged electrons. Label the positive charge with "+" and the electrons with "-". Step 5: Drawing a picture of Rutherford's model
05

Drawing Rutherford's Model: The Nuclear Model

To draw Rutherford's model, create a small circle in the center to represent the nucleus, and label it with "+". Now draw several larger circles around the nucleus to represent the orbits of the electrons. Finally, place dots on these orbits to represent the electrons themselves, and label them with "-".

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The mass number of a neutral atom is 19 , and its atomic number is 9 . The atom contains how many protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Although not discussed until the next chapter, what process do you think chemists mean by an atom's second ionization energy?

Calcium reacts with fluorine to form the compound \(\mathrm{CaF}_{2}\). In the reaction, each atom of one of the elements loses two electrons, and each atom of the other element gains one electron. (a) Atoms of which element gain electrons? (b) Atoms of which element lose electrons? (c) What is the charge on the atoms that gain one electron? (d) What is the charge on the atoms that lose two electrons? (e) Write the full atomic symbol, including charges, for each element. Give Ca 20 neutrons and F 10 neutrons.

Atom A has 35 protons and 44 neutrons in its nucleus. Atom \(\mathrm{B}\) has 35 protons and 46 neutrons in its nucleus. Should we expect similar or different chemical properties for these atoms? Explain.

Complete the following statements: (a) The nucleus contains the charged particles in the atom. (b) The particles in the nucleus are the and (c) Almost all of the mass of an atom is contained in the (d) The two particles whose charges cancel to make an atom neutral are and
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