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Chapter 5: Problem 5

What is the molecular formula of the compound that forms between \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms and \(\mathrm{F}\) atoms? Justify your answer with dot diagrams.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molecular formula of the compound that forms between hydrogen (H) and fluorine (F) atoms is \(\mathrm{HF}\). This is justified by using dot diagrams to represent the valence electrons of each atom. Both elements need one more electron to achieve their respective stable electron configurations. They form a covalent bond by sharing an electron pair, resulting in the formation of the \(\mathrm{HF}\) molecule.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Valence Electrons for Each Element.

To determine the molecular formula, we first need to know how many valence electrons are present in each element. Hydrogen belongs to Group 1 and has 1 valence electron, while fluorine belongs to Group 7 and has 7 valence electrons.
02

Draw Dot Diagrams for Each Element.

Now we will draw dot diagrams for hydrogen and fluorine. The dot diagram represents the element's symbol surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons. For hydrogen: H • For fluorine: • • F • •
03

Observe Possible Bonds.

In order to achieve a stable electron configuration (a full valence shell), hydrogen needs one more electron to achieve a full 1s orbital (2 electrons), while fluorine needs one more electron to achieve a full 2p orbital (8 electrons in total for the 2s and 2p orbitals). Both hydrogen and fluorine will share an electron pair to achieve their respective stable configurations. This sharing of an electron pair forms a covalent bond between hydrogen and fluorine.
04

Draw the Bonded Dot Diagram.

Now we will draw the bonded dot diagram, with the shared electron pair represented between the two elements, forming a covalent bond. H • | • F •
05

Determine Molecular Formula.

Since one hydrogen atom forms a bond with one fluorine atom (sharing an electron pair), the molecular formula for the compound that forms between hydrogen and fluorine is \(\mathrm{HF}\). So, the molecular formula of the compound is \(\mathrm{HF}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which is the correct Lewis dot diagram for carbonyl fluoride, \(\mathrm{COF}_{2} ?\) What is wrong with the other two?

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