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Chapter 6: Problem 62

Using lines, solid wedges, and dashed wedges, draw the three-dimensional shape of acetaldehyde, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}\). Indicate the numeric value of all bond angles.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The 3D structure of acetaldehyde, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}\), is as follows: C1 (central atom) forms a tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of approximately 109.5°. C1 bonds with H1, H2 (in-plane), O1 (solid wedge), and C2 (dashed wedge). C2 also forms a tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of 109.5° and bonds with H3, H4 (in-plane), H5 (solid wedge), and C1 (dashed wedge).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Central Atom

In Acetaldehyde, the central atom is Carbon. There are two carbon atoms in this compound, so we need to draw the bond between them.
02

Identify Atom Connections

Every carbon atom tends to form four bonds in total due to its tetravalent nature (it has four valence electrons). One carbon atom (C1) is bonded to the other carbon atom (C2), two hydrogen atoms (H1 and H2), and one oxygen atom (O1). The other carbon atom (C2) is bonded to the first carbon atom (C1) and three hydrogen atoms (H3, H4, and H5).
03

Determine the Geometry Around each Carbon

C1 is bonded to four atoms (C2, H1, H2, and O1), so its hybridization will be \(sp^3\), which will give a tetrahedral geometry. Similarly, C2 is bonded to four atoms (C1, H3, H4, and H5), so its hybridization is also \(sp^3\), giving C2 the tetrahedral geometry.
04

Draw the 3D Structure

To draw the 3D structure of acetaldehyde, we will place atoms with solid and dashed wedges in positions that are towards the observer and away from the observer, respectively. The structure is as follows: C1 is bonded to H1 and H2 using single lines, making them in-plane. C1 is also bonded to O1 with a solid wedge (towards the observer) and to C2 with a dashed wedge (away from the observer). C2 is bonded to H3 and H4 using single lines, making them in-plane. C2 is also bonded to H5 with a solid wedge (towards the observer) and to C1 with a dashed wedge (away from the observer).
05

Indicate the Bond Angles

For each tetrahedral carbon (C1 and C2), the bond angles will be approximately 109.5 degrees. Therefore, we will have following bond angles: 1. H1-C1-H2: 109.5° 2. H1-C1-O1: 109.5° 3. H1-C1-C2: 109.5° 4. H2-C1-O1: 109.5° 5. H2-C1-C2: 109.5° 6. O1-C1-C2: 109.5° 7. H3-C2-H4: 109.5° 8. H3-C2-H5: 109.5° 9. H3-C2-C1: 109.5° 10. H4-C2-H5: 109.5° 11. H4-C2-C1: 109.5° 12. H5-C2-C1: 109.5° Now, the Acetaldehyde molecule structure has been drawn with 3D representation and bond angles.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the molecule \(\mathrm{AsF}_{3}\) (a) Draw the dot diagram. (b) Draw the molecule's three-dimensional shape, and label the numeric value of all bond angles. (c) What is the shape of this molecule? (d) Draw in the individual bond dipole moments. (e) Is the molecule polar? If yes, draw the molecular dipole moment vector.

Which should have the largest dipole moment: \(\mathrm{O}_{3}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), or \(\mathrm{OF}_{2} ?\)

$$ \mathrm{COCl}_{2} \text { , in which all atoms are connected to } \mathrm{C} \text { , and there is a carbon-oxygen double bond. } $$

Consider the following molecules. For those that are polar, draw the molecular dipole moment. (a) \(\mathrm{CHBr}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Br}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NOC}\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) (connected \(\left.\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\right)\)

Consider \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). Both have polar covalent bonds. One of these molecules is polar and the other is nonpolar. Which is which and why?
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