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Chapter 7: Problem 14

The following are solids at room temperature (about \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ). Classify them as molecular, ionic, network, or metallic: (a) Zirconium, \(\mathrm{Zr}, \mathrm{mp}=1852{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (b) Lead, \(\mathrm{Pb}, \mathrm{mp}=328^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) Calcium nitride, \(\mathrm{Ca}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2}, \mathrm{mp}=1195^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (d) Graphite form of carbon, \(\mathrm{C}\), sublimes at \(3652{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (e) Yellow phosphorus, \(\mathrm{P}_{4}, \mathrm{mp}=44^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Zirconium (Zr) is a metallic solid. (b) Lead (Pb) is a metallic solid. (c) Calcium Nitride (Ca3N2) is an ionic solid. (d) Graphite form of carbon (C) is a network solid. (e) Yellow Phosphorus (P4) is a molecular solid.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Classify Zirconium (Zr)

Zirconium (Zr) is a metal, so it will have metallic bonding. Thus, Zirconium will be classified as a metallic solid.
02

(b) Classify Lead (Pb)

Lead (Pb) is also a metal and has metallic bonding. Therefore, Lead will be classified as a metallic solid.
03

(c) Classify Calcium Nitride (Ca3N2)

Calcium Nitride (Ca3N2) is a compound formed by a metal (Calcium) and a non-metal (Nitrogen). It has ionic bonding between the metal (positive ions) and non-metal (negative ions). So, Calcium Nitride will be classified as an ionic solid.
04

(d) Classify Graphite form of carbon (C)

Graphite is a form of carbon (C) which has covalent bonds (network covalent bonding) between the individual atoms, forming a vast network of interconnected carbon atoms. As a result, graphite will be classified as a network solid.
05

(e) Classify Yellow Phosphorus (P4)

Yellow Phosphorus (P4) is a covalent compound with molecular (covalent) bonding between the individual P4 molecules. Since it has molecular bonds and is not part of a larger network or ionic structure, Yellow Phosphorus will be classified as a molecular solid. To summarize: (a) Zirconium (Zr) is a metallic solid. (b) Lead (Pb) is a metallic solid. (c) Calcium Nitride (Ca3N2) is an ionic solid. (d) Graphite form of carbon (C) is a network solid. (e) Yellow Phosphorus (P4) is a molecular solid.

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