Chapter 7: Problem 25

Draw a picture that shows how three polar \(\mathrm{HBr}\) molecules in the gas phase would attract one another. What kind of intermolecular force is involved?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The three polar HBr molecules in the gas phase will attract one another through dipole-dipole interactions due to their partial charges. The arrangement can be represented as: H - Br : - - : H - Br : - - : H - Br where the ":" represents the attractive forces between the partially positive hydrogen atom and the partially negative bromine atom.

Step by step solution

Identify the polarity of HBr molecule

Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is a diatomic molecule consisting of a hydrogen atom (H) and a bromine atom (Br). Since the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and bromine is significant (\(\chi_{H} = 2.20\) and \(\chi_{Br} = 2.96\)), it results in a polar covalent bond and a polar HBr molecule. The polarity of the bond creates a partial positive charge (\(\delta^{+}\)) on the hydrogen atom and a partial negative charge (\(\delta^{-}\)) on the bromine atom.

Understand the concept of intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between individual molecules. These forces are weaker than the forces responsible for holding the atoms together within a molecule (covalent or ionic bonds). Some common examples of intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

Sketch the arrangement of three HBr molecules, showing their attractions

As HBr is a polar molecule, we expect dipole-dipole interactions to occur between individual HBr molecules. These occur when the partial positive charge (\(\delta^{+}\)) of one HBr molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge (\(\delta^{-}\)) of another HBr molecule. Arrange the molecules in such a way that the partially positive hydrogen atom of one molecule is near the partially negative bromine atom of another molecule. The interaction between the three HBr molecules can be drawn as: H - Br : - - : H - Br : - - : H - Br In this sketch, ":" represents the attractive forces between the partially positive hydrogen atom and the partially negative bromine atom.

Determine the type of intermolecular force involved in the interaction

The intermolecular force involved in the attraction between these polar HBr molecules is the dipole-dipole interaction, which results from the positive and negative partial charges on the hydrogen and bromine atoms, respectively.

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Draw a picture that shows how three polar \(\mathrm{HBr}\) molecules in the gas phase would attract one another. What kind of intermolecular force is involved?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Identify the polarity of HBr molecule

Understand the concept of intermolecular forces

Sketch the arrangement of three HBr molecules, showing their attractions

Determine the type of intermolecular force involved in the interaction

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