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Chapter 8: Problem 13

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) nitrate and ammonium phosphate combine to produce a precipitate. (a) What are the spectator ions? (b) Write the net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The spectator ions are \(NH_4^+(aq)\) and \(NO_3^-(aq)\). (b) The net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction is \(2Ni^{2+}(aq) + 3PO_4^{3-}(aq) \rightarrow Ni_3(PO_4)_2(s)\).

Step by step solution

01

Write the chemical formulas of the compounds

Let's first write the chemical formulas for the given compounds. - Nickel(II) nitrate: \(Ni(NO_3)_2\) - Ammonium phosphate: \((NH_4)_3PO_4\)
02

Determine the possible products of the reaction

We will use the double replacement reaction method to predict the possible products of the reaction. In a double replacement reaction, the cations and anions of the reactants switch places to form new compounds. The possible products are: - Nickel(II) phosphate: \(Ni_3(PO_4)_2\) - Ammonium nitrate: \((NH_4)NO_3\)
03

Determine the precipitate

In order to find which product is the precipitate, we will use the solubility rules. Nickel(II) phosphate is insoluble in water, while ammonium nitrate is soluble. Therefore, the precipitate formed in the reaction is nickel(II) phosphate: \(Ni_3(PO_4)_2\).
04

Write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction

Now that we have the reactants and products, we can write a balanced molecular equation: \(2Ni(NO_3)_2 + 3(NH_4)_3PO_4 \rightarrow Ni_3(PO_4)_2(s) + 6(NH_4)NO_3\)
05

Write the total ionic equation

Now let's write the total ionic equation, which represents all soluble compounds as their ions: \(2Ni^{2+}(aq) + 4NO_3^-(aq) + 9NH_4^+(aq) + 3PO_4^{3-}(aq) \rightarrow Ni_3(PO_4)_2(s) + 6NH_4^+(aq) + 6NO_3^-(aq)\)
06

Identify the spectator ions

Spectator ions are ions that are unchanged in the reaction and appear on both sides of the total ionic equation. In this case, the spectator ions are: - \(NH_4^+(aq)\) - \(NO_3^-(aq)\)
07

Write the net ionic equation

The net ionic equation represents the chemical species that are directly involved in the formation of the precipitate. To write the net ionic equation, eliminate the spectator ions from the total ionic equation: \(2Ni^{2+}(aq) + 3PO_4^{3-}(aq) \rightarrow Ni_3(PO_4)_2(s)\) So, the net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction is: \(2Ni^{2+}(aq) + 3PO_4^{3-}(aq) \rightarrow Ni_3(PO_4)_2(s)\)

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