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Chapter 8: Problem 130

Write a balanced chemical equation for each reaction: (a) Calcium metal reacts with solid phosphorus, \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\), to form calcium phosphide. (b) Sodium metal reacts with water to produce aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. (c) Ammonium nitrate powder explodes to form nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water vapor.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 3Ca + P4 → Ca3P2 (b) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 (c) 2NH4NO3 → N2 + 3O2 + 4H2O

Step by step solution

01

(a) Calcium metal reacts with solid phosphorus to form calcium phosphide

1. Reactants: Calcium metal (Ca) and solid phosphorus (P4) Product: Calcium phosphide (Ca3P2) 2. Write the unbalanced equation: Ca + P4 → Ca3P2 3. Balance the equation: We need 3 calcium atoms and 2 phosphorus atoms on both sides of the equation. 3Ca + P4 → Ca3P2 The equation is now balanced.
02

(b) Sodium metal reacts with water to produce aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas

1. Reactants: Sodium metal (Na) and water (H2O) Products: Aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2) 2. Write the unbalanced equation: Na + H2O → NaOH + H2 3. Balance the equation: We need 2 hydrogen atoms on both sides of the equation. The easiest way to do this is to have 2 moles of Na and NaOH as well as 1 mole of H2O and H2. 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 The equation is now balanced.
03

(c) Ammonium nitrate powder explodes to form nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water vapor

1. Reactant: Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) Products: Nitrogen gas (N2), Oxygen gas (O2), and water vapor (H2O) 2. Write the unbalanced equation: NH4NO3 → N2 + O2 + H2O 3. Balance the equation: First, balance the nitrogen atoms: 2NH4NO3 → N2 + O2 + H2O Next, balance the hydrogen atoms: 2NH4NO3 → N2 + O2 + 4H2O Finally, balance the oxygen atoms: 2NH4NO3 → N2 + 3O2 + 4H2O The equation is now balanced.

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