Match the following: List I (reaction) 1\. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CHO}+\mathrm{NaOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) \(+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 2\. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}+\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\) Anhyd. \(\mathrm{AlCl}_{3} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) 3\. \(\mathrm{RCOCl}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \quad \mathrm{Pd} / \mathrm{BaSO}_{4} \rightarrow \mathrm{RCHO}\) 4\. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{NaOH}+\mathrm{CO}_{2} \stackrel{\text { 1. heat, } 2 \cdot \mathrm{H}^{+}}{\longrightarrow}\) List II (name of reactions) (1) Rosenmund reduction (2) Kolbe's reaction (3) Claisen reaction (4) Cannizzaro reaction (5) Friedal-Craft's reaction The correct matching is:

The Cannizzaro reaction is an intriguing organic chemistry transformation where aldehydes, which lack hydrogen atoms at the alpha position, are treated with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

During this process, one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to an alcohol, while the other is simultaneously oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid. This reaction is unique because it involves a redox reaction where the aldehyde acts as both the oxidizing and reducing agent. This dualistic characteristic is due to the presence of a hydride shift from the aldehyde group (CHO) of one molecule to the carbonyl carbon of another aldehyde molecule.

The Cannizzaro reaction can be particularly useful for producing alcohol and acid from an aldehyde, especially when other reduction or oxidation methods are not suitable due to the presence of sensitive functional groups.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation is a cornerstone of organic synthesis, named after Charles Friedel and James Crafts, the chemists who developed it. This reaction involves the introduction of an alkyl group into an aromatic ring, typically benzene, to form a substituted benzene compound.

The reaction generally utilizes an alkyl halide, like methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and a strong Lewis acid catalyst, such as anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The Lewis acid serves to generate a highly reactive carbocation, which then undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with the benzene ring, resulting in the formation of an alkylated aromatic compound.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation has broad applications in the synthesis of complex molecules, though it can sometimes lead to polyalkylation due to the increased reactivity of the alkylated product. To circumvent this, controlled and strategic reaction conditions are required.

The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation reaction that serves to selectively reduce acyl chlorides to aldehydes. This specific reduction mechanism utilizes hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a poisoned palladium on barium sulfate (Pd/BaSO4) catalyst.

The term 'poisoned' refers to the catalyst being modified to decrease its activity and thus prevent over-reduction of the acyl chloride to an alcohol. The catalyst's effect is carefully controlled, which allows the reaction to stop at the aldehyde stage. The Rosenmund reduction is highly valuable for its precision and is frequently employed in the synthesis pathways for aldehydes due to its specificity and efficiency.

Kolbe's reaction stands as a classic method for synthesizing salicylic acid, a compound of commercial significance, notably as a precursor to aspirin. The process starts with the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium phenoxide (the sodium salt of phenol), which results in the formation of a phenolic compound typically known as salicylate.

This electrochemical reaction necessitates specific conditions, including the presence of a high concentration of CO2 and subsequent acidic work-up. This not only forms the expected carboxylic acid but also introduces a hydroxyl functional group ortho to the existing phenolic group, thus generating a compound with both anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Kolbe's reaction highlights an inventive use of electric current in organic synthesis and offers a testament to the pioneering work of Hermann Kolbe.