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Chapter 14: Problem 140

Which of the following are correctly matched here? (1) Haemoglobin \(-\mathrm{O}_{2}\) transport from lungs to tissues (2) Myoglobin - Stores \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in muscles (3) Actin - Catalysis of biochemical reactions (4) Myosin - Involved in muscle movement (a) \(1,2,3\) (b) \(2,3,4\) (c) \(1,2,4\) (d) 2,4

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correctly matched statements regarding their protein functions are (1) Haemoglobin, (2) Myoglobin, and (4) Myosin, which corresponds to option (c) 1,2,4.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the function of Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Therefore, statement (1) Haemoglobin - O2 transport from lungs to tissues is correctly matched.
02

Understanding the function of Myoglobin

Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells and helps store oxygen that can be used during muscle activity. This confirms that statement (2) Myoglobin - Stores O2 in muscles is correctly matched.
03

Understanding the function of Actin

Actin is a protein that forms a part of the cytoskeleton and is involved in various types of cell motility, not catalysis. Therefore, statement (3) Actin - Catalysis of biochemical reactions is not correctly matched.
04

Understanding the function of Myosin

Myosin is a motor protein involved in muscle contraction and therefore, in muscle movement. This means that statement (4) Myosin - Involved in muscle movement is correctly matched.
05

Determining the correct matches

From the previous steps, we deduce that statements (1), (2), and (4) are correctly matched. This means that option (c) 1,2,4 is the correct answer.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Haemoglobin and Oxygen Transport
Haemoglobin is a vital protein found in red blood cells, and it serves as an oxygen carrier throughout the human body. Its primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to various tissues where it's needed for metabolic processes.

Each molecule of haemoglobin can bind to four oxygen molecules, thanks to the presence of iron atoms within its structure. This binding of oxygen is a reversible process, allowing haemoglobin to pick up carbon dioxide, a waste product, and transport it back to the lungs for exhalation. Understanding this concept is essential for grasping how our bodies maintain a constant supply of oxygen necessary for survival.
Myoglobin and Oxygen Storage
Myoglobin plays a critical role in muscle tissue, where it acts much like a reserve tank for oxygen. This oxygen-binding protein is particularly abundant in the muscles of diving mammals and helps them stay underwater for extended periods.

In humans, myoglobin's role is to store oxygen within muscle cells, ensuring a ready supply for when energy demands suddenly increase, like during a sprint or a heavy lift. When muscles are hard at work and oxygen levels drop, myoglobin releases its stored oxygen, which is then used to produce the extra energy needed.
Actin and Cell Motility
Actin is a remarkable protein that forms long chains called filaments, which are integral parts of the cell's cytoskeleton. Actin filaments are involved in various types of cell motility, from the contraction of muscle cells to the movement of whole cells.

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments during muscle contraction, creating movement. Outside muscle cells, actin helps with cellular processes such as division, transporting cargo within the cell, and maintaining the cell's shape. Its versatility in function and structure underlines its importance in cell biology.
Myosin and Muscle Movement
Myosin is a type of motor protein that interacts closely with actin filaments to facilitate muscle movement. This interaction is at the heart of muscle contractions. Myosin heads bind to actin and pull, which shortens the muscle fibre, leading to contraction.

Energy for this process comes from ATP, a molecule that provides fuel for cellular processes. Myosin converts the energy from ATP into mechanical work, enabling the wide range of movements we perform daily, from the voluntary, such as walking or jumping, to the involuntary, such as the beating of our hearts.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the following reaction: Cellulose \(\frac{\text { (i) } \mathrm{CS}_{2} \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{OH}}{\text { (ii) } \mathrm{HCl} / \mathrm{HOH}}{\longrightarrow}[\mathrm{P}]\) Here, the product [P] is (a) Rayon (b) Cellulose acetate (c) Gun cotton (d) Cellulose xanthate

The pyrimidine bases present in DNA are (a) Cytosine and adenine (b) Cytosine and guanine (c) Cytosine and thymine (d) Cytosine and uracil

Consider the following reaction: Glucose Reagents \(\longrightarrow\) Mannose This reaction is known as (a) Conversion (b) Epimerization (c) Racemization (d) Anomerization

Which base is present in RNA but not in DNA? (a) Uracil (b) Thymine (c) Cytosine (d) Guanine

Insulin production and its action in human body is responsible for the level of diabetes. This compound belongs to which of the following categories? (a) An enzyme (b) An antibiotic (c) A hormone (d) A co-enzyme
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