Which of the following is correctly matched ? (1) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}-\) colourless gas (2) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}-\) colourless gas (3) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}-\) brown gas (4) \(\mathrm{Pb}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) - red powder (a) \(1,2,3\) (b) \(1,3,4\) (c) \(1,2,4\) (d) All of these

Sulfur dioxide (\textbf{SO}\(_2\)) is a gas most commonly recognized for its role in the atmospheric reactions that create acid rain. It's colorless with a distinct, sharp smell and tastes suffocating. In high concentrations, \textbf{SO}\(_2\) can result in health issues like respiratory problems and irritation of the eyes. Industrially, this gas is produced by burning sulfur-containing materials, such as coal or oil. It is also released from volcanic eruptions naturally.

The solubility of \textbf{SO}\(_2\) in water is another important characteristic, as it can dissolve to form sulfurous acid, contributing to its acidic properties in the environment. When monitoring air quality and controlling pollution, understanding the properties of sulfur dioxide is essential for environmental protection.

Chlorine gas (\textbf{Cl}\(_2\)) is infamous for its use in chemical warfare and its potent disinfectant properties. Contrary to common misconceptions, chlorine gas exhibits a yellow-green color. Under normal room conditions, it shows a striking greenish-yellow hue and has a strong, choking odor. This gas can be exceptionally dangerous, as it is toxic and can cause severe irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin upon exposure.

In addition to its use as a disinfectant in water treatment facilities, chlorine is an essential chemical in the production of a wide range of products like solvents, plastics, and other household necessities. However, due to its hazardous nature, handling chlorine requires strict safety measures to prevent accidents.

Nitrogen dioxide (\textbf{NO}\(_2\)), part of the nitrogen oxides family, plays a significant role in environmental issues such as air pollution and the formation of photochemical smog. With its characteristic reddish-brown coloration, \textbf{NO}\(_2\) is a visual indicator of air pollution. This gas can often be seen as a brown haze over densely populated and industrial areas. Besides its color, \textbf{NO}\(_2\) possesses a sharp, sweet odor and is poisonous if inhaled in large quantities.

Produced during the combustion of fossils fuels, \textbf{NO}\(_2\) significantly contributes to global warming and has detrimental effects on human health, including exacerbating asthma and reducing lung function. Therefore, controlling nitrogen dioxide emissions is a priority in efforts to improve air quality and public health.

Lead(II,IV) oxide, also known as red lead (\textbf{Pb}\(_3\) \textbf{O}\(_4\)), is a compound with a bright red or orange color. In the world of chemistry, it's known for its use in producing rust-proof primer paints. Historically, red lead was commonly used to protect iron and steel from corrosion, particularly in large structures such as bridges and ships.

However, due to its lead content, red lead is highly toxic. Lead exposure can lead to a variety of health issues, especially in children, and can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and blood. Today, there are restrictions on the use of red lead because of these health risks. This compound also plays a role in the manufacture of batteries, glass, and ceramics, but its use in these applications has declined in favor of safer, less toxic substances.