Which two of the following substances are used for preparing iodized salt? (a) KI (b) \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{KIO}_{3}\) (d) Both \(\mathrm{A}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\)

Potassium iodide (KI) is a salt commonly used in iodizing table salt. It is a white crystalline substance with a chemical formula of KI, consisting of one potassium ion bonded with one iodide ion. The iodide ion is the source of iodine, a vital nutrient necessary for thyroid function.

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones, which are critical for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. When salt is iodized with KI, it provides a stable and bioavailable source of iodine, making it easy for individuals to include this nutrient in their daily diets.

Potassium iodate (KIO3) is another chemical used to iodize salt. This white, crystalline powder is considered to be an even better oxidizing agent compared to potassium iodide. The formula KIO3 represents a compound where a single potassium ion is combined with an iodate ion.

When using KIO3 for salt iodization, its oxidative property ensures that the iodine content remains stable even under various storage conditions. Its addition to table salt helps to assure a prolonged shelf-life of the iodine, providing a reliable prevention against iodine deficiencies in the population.

Preventing iodine deficiency is a significant public health concern worldwide. Insufficient iodine intake can lead to several health problems, the most noticeable being goiter, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Moreover, iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, impaired cognitive function, and developmental issues, particularly during pregnancy and infancy.

Through the strategic addition of iodine-containing compounds like KI and KIO3 to table salt, iodized salt plays a crucial role in combating these health concerns. It is an accessible and cost-effective method to deliver necessary iodine to a broad portion of the population. Regular consumption of iodized salt is an effective way to maintain adequate iodine levels and prevent deficiency-related health issues.

Chemistry is deeply integrated into everyday life, often in ways that go unnoticed. The process of iodizing salt is a prime example of practical chemistry applied to improve public health. It combines the science of understanding iodine's vital role in the body with the technology of food fortification.

Chemistry helps us to create solutions to real-world problems like iodine deficiency. Besides iodized salt, everyday chemistry is reflected in the purification of drinking water, the design of household cleaning agents, and the development of pharmaceuticals. It is essential to recognize the role of chemistry in driving innovations that enhance our health and well-being.