Which disease is cured by using Gold (I) thiomaleate as a medicine? (a) Diabetes (b) Ulcer (c) Arthritis (d) Malaria

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, commonly known as DMARDs, are a category of medications used to slow down the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their primary function is to target the underlying causes of inflammation and modify the disease process rather than just providing relief from symptoms. Unlike nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, which offer temporary relief from the pain and swelling associated with RA, DMARDs can alter the course of the disease.

DMARDs work by suppressing the immune system, thereby reducing inflammation and the damage to joints and other tissues. It's important to start treatment with DMARDs early in the disease to prevent joint damage and disability. Examples of DMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine. Biologic DMARDs, a newer subclass, are made from living organisms and specifically target parts of the immune system that lead to inflammation.

Gold has been used for therapeutic purposes for centuries and continues to find relevance in modern medicine, particularly in the form of gold compounds. Gold compounds, such as Gold (I) thiomaleate, are used primarily in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, the most notable being rheumatoid arthritis. These compounds have immunomodulatory effects and can inhibit both cellular and humoral immunity, which is why they are classified as DMARDs.

Gold compounds help in reducing joint inflammation and preventing joint damage. They are usually recommended for use when patients with rheumatoid arthritis do not respond adequately to more conventional DMARDs. While gold therapy can be effective, it is known for its potential toxicity and requires careful monitoring for adverse effects, such as skin rashes, mouth sores, or effects on the kidney or liver. Due to these potential side effects, and with the development of newer DMARDs and biologic agents, the use of gold compounds has become less common.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, which can lead to joint damage and disability. The treatment of RA aims to alleviate symptoms, manage pain, reduce inflammation, and slow down or prevent joint damage. This is typically achieved using a combination of pharmacological treatments, physical therapies, and lifestyle modifications.

DMARDs are the cornerstone of RA pharmacotherapy; they are often initiated soon after diagnosis. Modern treatment strategies may also include biological agents that specifically target inflammatory cytokines, contributing to disease activity. Physical therapy and exercise can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength, and occupational therapy can assist in finding ways to perform daily tasks with less strain on the joints. In severe cases, surgical options like joint replacement may be considered. It is crucial for RA treatment to be individualized, as patients respond differently to various therapies.