The correct IUPAC name of \(\mathrm{Mn}_{3}(\mathrm{CO})_{12}\) is: (a) Manganic dodecacarbonyl \((0) \mathrm{w}\) (b) Dodecacarbonyl trimanganese (0) (c) Dodecacarbonyl manganic (II) (d) Dodecacarbonyl manganate \((0)\)

Manganese is a transition metal that forms a variety of compounds, many of which are of industrial and biological significance. When discussing manganese compounds, a noticeable feature is their range of oxidation states, starting from \(\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}\) going up to \(\mathrm{Mn}^{7+}\). One notable series of manganese compounds is manganese carbonyls, where manganese is bonded to carbon monoxide (\(\mathrm{CO}\)).

In the case of \(\mathrm{Mn}_3(\text{CO})_{12}\), this is a complex where three manganese atoms are bonded to a total of twelve CO groups. It’s important to note that the carbon monoxide ligands, in this case, do not affect the oxidation state of the manganese, which remains at zero, denoted as \(0\) in the compound's name. The bonding in manganese carbonyl compounds reveals insights into both the electronic structure of manganese and the nature of metal-ligand interactions.

Coordination chemistry centers around the study of compounds formed by the combination of metal ions with various ligands. Ligands are ions or molecules that can donate at least one pair of electrons to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond. This results in complex species known as coordination compounds.

The IUPAC nomenclature for naming these compounds is based on the number and types of atoms or groups attached to the central metal. For example, in \(\mathrm{Mn}_3(\text{CO})_{12}\), \(\text{CO}\) is the ligand and manganese (Mn) is the central metal. In naming the compound, each ligand is counted and the appropriate Greek prefix is used to indicate the number. The compound under consideration has twelve carbon monoxide ligands, hence 'dodeca-' is the prefix used before 'carbonyl' which specifies the type of ligand.

In a coordination compound, the overall charge is also important, but in our example, the compound is neutral, and so this influences the final name as well.

The oxidation state of an element in a compound describes the degree of oxidation of an atom. It's a hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. This concept is very useful in coordination chemistry, which involves the interaction of metal ions with ligands.

In a neutral molecule such as \(\mathrm{Mn}_3(\text{CO})_{12}\), the sum of the oxidation states must add up to zero. Since carbon monoxide is a neutral ligand, it does not contribute to the oxidation state of the metal. Hence, the oxidation state of each manganese atom in this particular compound is zero. This zero oxidation state must be specified when naming the compound according to IUPAC rules. Hence, it is noted in parentheses at the end of the chemical name to give an accurate description of the compound's composition and properties.