Match the uses of the metal aluminium given in column I with its properties given in column II and mark the appropriate choice. $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline {\text { Colmm I }} && {\text { Column II }} \\ \hline \text { (A) } & \begin{array}{l} \text { Transmission } \\ \text { cables } \end{array} & \text { (i) } & \text { High malleability } \\ \hline \text { (B) } & \text { Aircraft body } & \text { (ii) } & \begin{array}{l} \text { High electrical } \\ \text { conductivity } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { (C) } & \begin{array}{l} \text { Packing } \\ \text { industry } \end{array} & \text { (iii) } & \begin{array}{l} \text { High thermal } \\ \text { conductivity } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { (D) } & \text { Uitensils } & \text { (iv) } & \text { Light and tough alloys } \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (a) \((\mathbf{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv})\) (b) \((A) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(B) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i})\) (c) \((\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii})\) (d) \((\mathrm{A}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iii}),(\mathrm{B}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{iv}),(\mathrm{C}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{i}),(\mathrm{D}) \rightarrow(\mathrm{ii})\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify Correct Property for Transmission Cables

Transmission cables require high electrical conductivity for efficient transmission of electricity. So, option (ii) High electrical conductivity matches with (A) Transmission cables.

02

Identify Correct Property for Aircraft Body

Aircraft bodies need to be made from materials that are both light and strong to enhance flight efficiency and safety. Therefore, option (iv) Light and tough alloys corresponds to (B) Aircraft body.

03

Identify Correct Property for Packing Industry

Materials used in the packing industry should be malleable so they can be shaped into packaging materials without breaking. Hence, option (i) High malleability is suitable for (C) Packing industry.

04

Identify Correct Property for Utensils

Utensils require high thermal conductivity for efficient heating and cooking. Thus, option (iii) High thermal conductivity is the right match for (D) Utensils.

05

Matching the Options

With the above matches, (A) matches with (ii), (B) matches with (iv), (C) matches with (i), and (D) matches with (iii). The only option that corresponds to these matches is (c).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Properties of Aluminium

Aluminium is known for its unique properties, making it one of the most versatile and widely used metals in various industries. Its key characteristics include being lightweight yet strong, possessing high electrical and thermal conductivity, and being highly malleable and ductile. These properties arise from its atomic structure, which allows electrons to move freely, contributing to its excellent conductivity and the ability to form alloys with other metals to enhance specific characteristics.

The anticorrosive nature of aluminium is another critical property. It naturally forms a thin oxide layer on its surface when exposed to air, protecting the metal from further corrosion. This feature makes it ideal for outdoor applications where durability is essential.

Aluminium in Transmission Cables

In the context of transmission cables, aluminium's high electrical conductivity is a significant advantage. Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to carry electric current, and aluminium conducts electricity nearly as well as copper, which is traditionally used for this purpose. However, aluminium is lighter and more cost-effective compared to copper, which makes it a popular choice for power transmission lines. It transmits power over long distances efficiently and economically, reducing the overall weight of the cables and the supporting structures required.

Additionally, aluminium is often alloyed with other elements to improve its mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, for use in overhead power lines where strength and lightweight are critical.

Aluminium in Aircraft Bodies

Aircraft bodies demand materials that strike a balance between low weight and high strength. Aluminium is invaluable in the aerospace industry because of its lightweight property paired with substantial structural strength. This is crucial for the efficiency and performance of aircraft as it reduces the overall weight, leading to lower fuel consumption and greater range. Alloys of aluminium used in aircraft construction, like the 2024 and 7075 series, are specially designed to be light and tough, handling the stress of takeoffs, landings, and flight at high altitudes.

The ability to resist corrosion also contributes to its suitability for aircraft, ensuring longevity and safety in harsh atmospheric conditions.

Aluminium in Packing Industry

Aluminium's high malleability makes it a star player in the packing industry. Malleability refers to a material's ability to be deformed or bent into various shapes without breaking, an essential characteristic for creating a range of packaging solutions like foil, cans, and containers. This metal can be rolled into thin sheets that are still durable enough to protect and preserve a wide array of products, ranging from food and beverages to pharmaceuticals.

It provides secure packaging that can be hermetically sealed to keep products fresh and extends their shelf life. Aluminium's non-toxicity also ensures that it can safely come into contact with consumable products.

Aluminium in Utensils

Utensils made of aluminium benefit from the metal's high thermal conductivity, which refers to the ability to absorb and disperse heat efficiently. When used to manufacture cookware, aluminium heats up quickly and distributes the heat evenly across its surface, preventing hotspots and ensuring consistent cooking.

This thermal efficiency allows for better control of the cooking temperature, making aluminium utensils popular in both homes and professional kitchens. Moreover, being lightweight, they are easy to handle, which adds to their practicality in everyday use.

High Electrical Conductivity

High electrical conductivity is one of the principal physical characteristics of aluminium. This property is particularly useful in applications where the efficient transmission of electricity is necessary, such as in power lines and electrical systems. Aluminium's ability to conduct electricity is surpassed only by silver, copper, and gold, but its low density and cost compared to these metals make it an optimal choice for large-scale electrical applications where weight and budget are considerations.

Aluminium wiring can be found in residential buildings as well, but it must be installed with specific fittings to ensure safety, as it expands more than copper when heated.

Light and Strong Alloys

The development of light and strong alloys using aluminium has revolutionized various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and construction. These alloys are mixtures of aluminium with small quantities of other metals, enhancing certain properties such as strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion, while maintaining or improving the lightweight nature of pure aluminium.

For example, adding small amounts of manganese, silicon, or magnesium can dramatically increase the strength of aluminium without adding significant weight. This makes these alloys incredibly valuable for applications where strength-to-weight ratio is a critical factor.

High Malleability

High malleability is the reason aluminium can be processed into various forms and shapes without cracking or breaking. This property allows for the extensive use of aluminium in thin-walled containers, foils, tubes, and aerodynamic components where shaping or bending the material is required. The malleability also permits various fabrication techniques, such as rolling, forging, and extrusion, which are critical in the manufacture of a broad range of products.

Malleable aluminium is especially significant in the packaging sector, where it's formed into intricate designs and complex geometries to meet specific packaging needs.

High Thermal Conductivity

The high thermal conductivity of aluminium explains its effectiveness in applications like heat exchangers, cooking utensils, and automotive radiators. This property ensures that aluminium can rapidly absorb heat, spread it evenly, and also release it quickly. In the case of cookware, for example, the high thermal conductivity of aluminium reduces the risk of food burning by evenly distributing the temperature across the cooking surface.

Moreover, in electronic devices, aluminium is used to create heat sinks that help to dissipate the heat generated by electronic components, preventing overheating and prolonging the life of the devices.