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Chapter 1: Problem 13

A qualitative analysis of Atebrin, an antimalarial drug used extensively by Allied troops during the Second World War, showed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen. A quantitative analysis showed \(69.1 \%\) carbon, \(7.5 \%\) hydrogen, \(10.5 \%\) nitrogen, \(8.9 \%\) chlorine and \(4.0 \%\) oxygen. What is the empirical formula for Atebrin?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The empirical formula for Atebrin is C23H30N3ClO.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the number of moles of each element in 100 grams

Assuming we have exactly 100 grams of Atebrin, we can calculate the mass of each element in the compound using the given percentages. To find the number of moles, we will use the equation: Number of moles = mass / molar_mass (where molar_mass - mass of an atom in grams): C: \(69.1g\), molar_mass = 12.01 g/mol H: \(7.5g\), molar_mass = 1.01 g/mol N: \(10.5g\), molar_mass = 14.01 g/mol Cl: \(8.9g\), molar_mass = 35.45 g/mol O: \(4.0g\), molar_mass = 16.00 g/mol
02

Calculate the mole ratios

Find the ratio of the number of moles of each element to the smallest number of moles: C: \(\frac{69.1}{12.01} \approx 5.75\) H: \(\frac{7.5}{1.01} \approx 7.43\) N: \(\frac{10.5}{14.01} \approx 0.75\) Cl: \(\frac{8.9}{35.45} \approx 0.25\) O: \(\frac{4.0}{16.00} \approx 0.25\)
03

Divide the mole ratios by the smallest ratio

To find whole numbers for the ratio of elements in the empirical formula, we will divide all mole ratios by the smallest mole ratio (0.25 in this case): C: \(\frac{5.75}{0.25} \approx 23\) H: \(\frac{7.43}{0.25} \approx 30\) N: \(\frac{0.75}{0.25} \approx 3\) Cl: \(\frac{0.25}{0.25} \approx 1\) O: \(\frac{0.25}{0.25} \approx 1\)
04

Determine the empirical formula

Now that we have whole numbers for the ratio of elements in the compound, we can write the empirical formula for Atebrin: C23H30N3ClO So, the empirical formula for Atebrin is C23H30N3ClO.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw Lewis structures for the following substances. Use distinct, correctly placed dots for the electrons. Mark all atoms which are not neutral with charges of the proper sign. a) propane f) ethylene oxide b) cyclopropane g) sodium acetate \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{(-)} \mathrm{Na} \oplus\right)\) c) benzene h) methylamine d) methyl bromide i) acetamide e) methanol j) nitromethane

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