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Chapter 1: Problem 7

Write an expanded structural formula with a line for each bond for each of the sub stances represented below by a condensed formula: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CCCH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CIOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO}\) (d) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{4}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CONHCH}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-C | | | H H H ``` (b) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-C-C-H | | | H H H ``` (c) ``` H H | | H-C-I-C-H | | H-C-H | O ``` (d) ``` H H | | H-C-C-H | | H-C-C-H | | H H ``` (e) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-N-C-H | | | H O H ```

Step by step solution

01

(a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

This condensed formula represents a molecule with a central \(\mathrm{CH}\) group, bonded to one \(\mathrm{CH}_3\) group and two \(\mathrm{CH}_3\) groups in parentheses. The expanded structural formula would be: ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-C | | | H H H ```
02

(b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CCCH}_{3}\)

The condensed formula represents a molecule with a linear chain of carbon atoms, where the first and last carbons have three hydrogen atoms bonded to them. The expanded structural formula would be: ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-C-C-H | | | H H H ```
03

(c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CIOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO}\)

This condensed formula represents a molecule with a central iodine atom bound to three different groups: \(\mathrm{CH}_2\), \(\mathrm{CHO}\), and \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\). The expanded structural formula would be: ``` H H | | H-C-I-C-H | | H-C-H | O ```
04

(d) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{4}\)

This condensed formula represents a cyclic molecule with four \(\mathrm{CH}_2\) groups. The expanded structural formula would be: ``` H H | | H-C-C-H | | H-C-C-H | | H H ```
05

(e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CONHCH}_{3}\)

This condensed formula represents a molecule with a central \(\mathrm{CONH}\) group, bound to two \(\mathrm{CH}_3\) groups. The expanded structural formula would be: ``` H H H | | | H-C-C-N-C-H | | | H O H ``` In each of these examples, we have displayed the expanded structural formulas for the given condensed formulas, showing the bonds between atoms explicitly.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw Lewis structures for the following substances. Use distinct, correctly placed dots for the electrons. Mark all atoms which are not neutral with charges of the proper sign. a) propane f) ethylene oxide b) cyclopropane g) sodium acetate \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2}^{(-)} \mathrm{Na} \oplus\right)\) c) benzene h) methylamine d) methyl bromide i) acetamide e) methanol j) nitromethane

(a) Although HC1 (1.27 A) is a longer molecule than HF (0.92 A), it has a smaller dipole moment (1.03 D compared to 1.75 D). How do you account for this fact? (b) The dipole moment of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~F}\) is \(1.847 \mathrm{D}\), and of \(\mathrm{CD}_{3} \mathrm{~F}, 1.858 \mathrm{D}\). (D is \({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\), deuterium.) Compared with the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bond, what is the direction of the \(C-D\) dipole?

A qualitative analysis of Atebrin, an antimalarial drug used extensively by Allied troops during the Second World War, showed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and oxygen. A quantitative analysis showed \(69.1 \%\) carbon, \(7.5 \%\) hydrogen, \(10.5 \%\) nitrogen, \(8.9 \%\) chlorine and \(4.0 \%\) oxygen. What is the empirical formula for Atebrin?

A sample of aspirin (acety1salicylic acid) was determined to be \(60.0 \%\) carbon, \(4.4 \%\) hydrogen and \(35.6 \%\) oxygen. The molecular weight is \(180 .\) What is the molecular formula for aspirin?

Predict the direction of polarization of the following bonds, considering only the relative electro negativity of the atoms involved. \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) \(\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{H} ;\) \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{Br}\) \(\mathrm{I}-\mathrm{Cl}\)
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