Prepare a ketone from each of the following precursors by the Friedel-Crafts acylation method.

Given precursors: 1. Benzene 2. Toluene 3. Anisole We can choose: Acyl halide - Acetyl chloride (CH3COCl) Catalyst - Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

For benzene: 1. Benzene reacts with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst, forming an acylium ion intermediate and a byproduct of HCl. 2. The acylium ion then reacts with the benzene ring, forming a new carbon-carbon bond. 3. Finally, the product is a ketone, acetophenone (C6H5COCH3). \[ \text{Benzene} + \text{CH}_3\text{COCl} \xrightarrow[\text{AlCl}_3]{} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COCH}_3 \]

For toluene: 1. Toluene reacts with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst, forming an acylium ion intermediate and a byproduct of HCl. 2. The acylium ion then reacts with the toluene ring at ortho/para positions, forming a new carbon-carbon bond. 3. Finally, the product is a ketone, 1-phenyl-1-propanone (C6H5C(O)CH3). \[ \text{Toluene} + \text{CH}_3\text{COCl} \xrightarrow[\text{AlCl}_3]{} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{C(O)CH}_3 \]

For anisole: 1. Anisole reacts with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst, forming an acylium ion intermediate and a byproduct of HCl. 2. The acylium ion then reacts with the anisole ring at ortho/para positions, forming a new carbon-carbon bond. 3. Finally, the product is a ketone, 4'-methoxyacetophenone or 2'-methoxyacetophenone. \[ \text{Anisole} + \text{CH}_3\text{COCl} \xrightarrow[\text{AlCl}_3]{} \text{4'-methoxyacetophenone} \text{ or } \text{2'-methoxyacetophenone} \] In summary, Friedel-Crafts acylation has been used to synthesize the following ketones from the given precursors: 1. Acetophenone from benzene 2. 1-phenyl-1-propanone from toluene 3. 4'-methoxyacetophenone or 2'-methoxyacetophenone from anisole