Show how the following compounds might be prepared from the commercially available nitroalkanes obtained from the nitration of propane. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CHNO}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HOCH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) (b) \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{NOCH}_{2}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CNO}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

To synthesize the following compounds from commercially available nitroalkanes, follow these steps: (a) \(CH_{2}=CHNO_{2}\) 1. Nitrate propane with \(HNO_3\). 2. Reduce nitro group with \(Zn/H^+\). 3. Form vinyl nitro compound with \(\mathrm{NOHSO_4}\). (c) \(HOCH_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2}\mathrm{NH}_{2}\) 1. Nitrate propane with \(HNO_3\). 2. Reduce nitro group with \(Sn/HCl\). 3. Add formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. (b) \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2} \mathrm{NOCH}_{2}\right)_{3} \mathrm{CNO}_{2}\) 1. Form trinitromethane from nitromethane. 2. Add nitroform. (d) \(H_{2} \mathrm{NCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) 1. Nitrate propane with \(HNO_3\). 2. Reduce nitro group with \(Sn/HCl\). 3. Form amide with acetyl chloride. 4. Regain nitro group with \(HNO_3\). 5. Reduce nitro group with \(Zn/HCl\) to form the final product.