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Chapter 33: Problem 748

(a) What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide? (b) What would you anticipate to be the difference between a riboside and a ribotide? (c) How would thev be similar?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The main difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide is the presence of a phosphate group. Nucleosides consist of a nitrogenous base and a sugar molecule, while nucleotides have an additional phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule. (b) Ribosides are nucleosides containing a ribose sugar, while ribotides are nucleotides with a ribose sugar backbone. The primary difference between them is the presence or absence of a phosphate group. (c) Both ribosides and ribotides have a nitrogenous base and a ribose sugar molecule in their structure and play important roles in various cellular processes, such as the formation of RNA molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Nucleoside and Nucleotide

Nucleosides are molecules formed by a nitrogenous base (like adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine) attached to a sugar molecule (either ribose or deoxyribose) through a glycosidic bond. Nucleotides, on the other hand, consist of a nucleoside with an additional phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.
02

Difference between Nucleoside and Nucleotide

The primary difference between nucleosides and nucleotides lies in the presence of a phosphate group. Nucleosides are composed of only a nitrogenous base and a sugar molecule, while nucleotides have an added phosphate group connected to the sugar molecule. This phosphate group allows nucleotides to participate in various metabolic reactions, such as forming the backbone of DNA and RNA.
03

Definition of Riboside and Ribotide

Ribosides are nucleosides that contain a ribose sugar, while ribotides are nucleotides with a ribose sugar backbone. In other words, ribosides are composed of a nitrogenous base and a ribose sugar molecule, whereas ribotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.
04

Difference between Riboside and Ribotide

Similar to the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides, the primary difference between ribosides and ribotides is the presence or absence of a phosphate group. Ribosides do not have a phosphate group, whereas ribotides have a phosphate group attached to the ribose sugar molecule.
05

Similarities between Ribosides and Ribotides

Both ribosides and ribotides have a nitrogenous base and a ribose sugar molecule in their structure. While they differ in the presence of a phosphate group, they both play important roles in various cellular processes. For example, ribosides and ribotides are involved in the formation of RNA molecules, which participate in protein synthesis and other essential cellular functions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write equations for the steps involved in hydrolysis of adenine deoxyribonucleoside to deoxyribose and adenine. Would you expect the reaction to occur more readily in acidic or basic solution?

Outline a synthesis for adenine, one of the purines, from hydrogen cyanide and ammonia.

In DNA, the bases are bonded to deoxyribose at the following positions (that is a hydrogen in the Figure below is replaced by \(\mathrm{C}-1\) of the sugar); adenine and guanine, \(\mathrm{NH}\) in the five-membered ring; cytosine and thymine, the lower NH. (a) Draw the structures to show likely hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine; between guanine and cytosine, (b) Can you account for the fact that guanine and cytosine pairs hold the chains together more strongly than do adenine and thymine pairs?

Escherichia coli bacteria grown in a medium containing \({ }^{15}\) N-labeled ammonium chloride produce \({ }^{15} \mathrm{~N}\) -containing DNA. This can be distinguished from ordinary \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{DNA}\) by ultracentrifugation in concentrated cesium chloride solutionthe heavier \({ }^{15}\) N-labeled DNA undergoing sedimentation more rapidly. When the bacteria grown in an \({ }^{15} \mathrm{~N}\) medium are transferred to an \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}\) medium, DNA replication continues but, after one generation, all the DNA present appears to be of one kind, containing equal amounts of \({ }^{15} \mathrm{~N}\) and \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}\); after two generations, the DNA is now of two kinds present in equal amounts \(-\) all \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{DNA}\) and \({ }^{14} \mathrm{~N},{ }^{15} \mathrm{~N}-\mathrm{DNA}\). What do these results tell about the replication of DNA and its stability in the cell?
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