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Chapter 7: Problem 149

Write equations for all steps in the manufacture of acetylene starting from limestone and coal.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The manufacture of acetylene from limestone and coal involves four main steps with their corresponding chemical equations: 1. \(CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)\) (calcination of limestone) 2. \(C_{coal}(s) \rightarrow C_{coke}(s) + volatiles(g)\) (production of coke from coal) 3. \(CaO(s) + 3 C_{coke}(s) \rightarrow CaC_2(s) + CO(g)\) (production of calcium carbide) 4. \(CaC_2(s) + 2H_2O(l) \rightarrow C_2H_2(g) + Ca(OH)_2(aq)\) (hydrolysis of calcium carbide to produce acetylene)

Step by step solution

01

Production of calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from limestone

Limestone, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), is heated in a process called calcination. This process results in the formation of calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as byproducts. The chemical equation for this reaction is: \(CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)\)
02

Production of coke (a form of carbon) from coal

Coke is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. The impurities in coal are removed, and a more carbon-rich and pure substance called coke is obtained. The chemical equation for this reaction is: \(C_{coal}(s) \rightarrow C_{coke}(s) + volatiles(g)\)
03

Production of calcium carbide (CaC2) from calcium oxide and coke

Calcium oxide (CaO) from the first step is mixed with coke from the second step and heated to high temperatures. This leads to the formation of calcium carbide (CaC2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as products. The chemical equation for this reaction is: \(CaO(s) + 3 C_{coke}(s) \rightarrow CaC_2(s) + CO(g)\)
04

Hydrolysis of calcium carbide to produce acetylene and calcium hydroxide

To produce acetylene gas from calcium carbide, water must be added to the reaction. This process is known as hydrolysis. The chemical equation for the hydrolysis of calcium carbide is: \(CaC_2(s) + 2H_2O(l) \rightarrow C_2H_2(g) + Ca(OH)_2(aq)\) In conclusion, the manufacture of acetylene from limestone and coal involves four main steps, and their corresponding chemical equations are: 1. \(CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)\) 2. \(C_{coal}(s) \rightarrow C_{coke}(s) + volatiles(g)\) 3. \(CaO(s) + 3 C_{coke}(s) \rightarrow CaC_2(s) + CO(g)\) 4. \(CaC_2(s) + 2H_2O(l) \rightarrow C_2H_2(g) + Ca(OH)_2(aq)\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Indicate the features you would expect for the infrared and n.m.r. spectra of the following substances. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}\) (expect a long-range n.m.r. coupling of \(3 \mathrm{cps}\) ) (C) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

Prepare an alkyne from each alkene precursor by the dehydrohalogenation of alky1 dihalides method.

Outline all steps in the synthesis of propyne from each of the following compounds, using any needed organic or inorganic reagents. (a) 1,2 -dibromopropane (e) n-propyl alcohol (b) propylene (f) 1,1 -dichloropropane (c) isopropy1 bromide (g) acetylene (d) propane (h) \(1,1,2,2\) -tetrabromopropane

Acetylene has an acid ionization constant \(\left(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{A}}\right)\) of \(\sim 10^{-22}\). (a) Calculate the concentration of acetylide ion expected to be present in a \(14 \mathrm{M}\) solution of potassium hydroxide that is \(0.01 \mathrm{M}\) in acetylene (assuming ideal solutions). (b) Outline a practical method (or methods) that you think might be suitable to determine an approximate experimental value of \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{A}}\) for acetylene, remembering that water has \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{A}}\) of about \(10^{-14}\). (c) Would you expect \(\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{N}\) to be a stronger acid than \(\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) ? Why?

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