Make drawings of the following molecules: (a) \((E)\)-3-fluoro-3-hexene (b) \((E)\)-4-ethyl-3-heptene (c) \((Z)\)-1-bromo-2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodoethylene

The E/Z configuration helps describe the orientation of substituents around a double bond. This system is essential because alkenes can have different spatial arrangements, leading to distinct properties.
For example, in the \(E\) configuration, groups of higher priority on each carbon of the double bond are on opposite sides. Conversely, in the \(Z\) configuration, higher priority groups are on the same side.
Priority is determined using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules. According to these rules, the group with the higher atomic number directly attached to the double bond carbon gets higher priority. This is crucial in molecules like \(E\)-3-fluoro-3-hexene and \(Z\)-1-bromo-2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodoethylene.

Fluorinated alkenes are alkenes with fluorine atoms attached. Fluorine, being highly electronegative, significantly affects the properties of the molecule. For example, 3-fluoro-3-hexene has a fluorine on the third carbon. This fluorine impacts the molecule's reactivity and stability.
Having fluorine in alkenes introduces strong dipole moments because of the disparity in electronegativity between carbon and fluorine. This affects interaction with other molecules, including solvents, and can influence reactivity in chemical reactions. Importantly, fluorine can also increase the boiling point due to the strong intermolecular forces it imparts.

Halogenated alkenes include alkenes bonded to halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I). For instance, \(Z\)-1-bromo-2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodoethylene contains multiple halogen atoms. Each halogen affects the properties and chemical behavior of the molecule differently.
Halogens are electronegative and can withdraw electron density from the double bond. This makes the molecule more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Additionally, these molecules might have higher boiling points and varying solubility in different solvents.
The presence of halogens can also affect reactions like addition or substitution due to the differing steric and electronic effects they introduce.

Double bond orientation in alkenes determines the spatial arrangement of attached groups. This orientation plays a crucial role in defining the physical and chemical properties of the substance.
In molecules like \(E\)-4-ethyl-3-heptene, the double bond between carbons 3 and 4 is oriented such that the ethyl and the highest priority group are on opposite sides. This orientation impacts the molecule's reactivity and interactions.
Understanding the orientation helps in predicting the outcomes of chemical reactions, especially in stereochemistry where the exact 3D placement of groups affects product formation.