Chapter 18: 37 P (page 721)
Draw the products formed when each compound is treated with
Short Answer
a. No reaction
b. No reaction
c.
Chapter 18: 37 P (page 721)
Draw the products formed when each compound is treated with
a. No reaction
b. No reaction
c.
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What product is formed when benzene is treated with each organic halide in the presence of .
Question: Explain the reactivity and orientation effects observed in each heterocycle.
a. Pyridine is less reactive than benzene in electrophilic aromatic substitution and yields 3-substituted products.
b. Pyrrole is more reactive than benzene in electrophilic aromatic substitution and yields 2-substituted products.
Question: The bicyclic heterocycles quinoline and indole undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution to give the products shown.
a. Explain why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without the N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole.
b. Explain why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline.
c. Explain why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole.
In Step [2] of Mechanism 18.1, loss of a proton to form the substitution product was drawn using one resonance structure only. Use curved arrows to show how the other two resonance structures can be converted to the substitution product (PhE) by removal of a proton with: B.
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