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Chapter 30: Question 30.31 (page 1225)

Draw a short segment of each polymer:

(a) Isotactic poly(vinyl chloride);

(b) Syndiotactic polyacrylonitrile;

(c) Atactic polystyrene.

Short Answer

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Answer

(a.)

(b.)

(c.)

Step by step solution

01

Polymer

Polymers are large molecules created from monomer units. Polymer is derived from two Greek words – “poly” which means many, and “meros” which means many. Isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic polymers are classified on basis of geometry of the polymer.

02

Isotactic

(a) An isotactic polymer has all Z groups on the same side of the carbon backbone.

Structure of isotactic poly(vinyl chloride)

03

Syndiotactic

(b)A syndiotactic polymer has the Z groups alternating from one side of the carbon chain to the other.

Structure of syndiotactic polyacrylonitrile

04

Atactic

(c) An atactic polymer has the Z groups oriented randomly along the polymer chain.

Structure of atactic polystyrene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw a stepwise mechanism for Step [2] in Figure 30.7 using the Lewis acid catalyst.

What monomer(s) are used to prepare each polymer or copolymer?

(a.)

(b.)

(c.)

(d.)

In the presence of H3O+, 2-methylpropene oxide undergoes chain-growth polymerization such that nucleophilic attack occurs at the more substituted end of the epoxide. Draw a stepwise mechanism for this process, and explain this regioselectivity.

Draw the structure of the alternating copolymer formed from each pair of monomers.

(a.)

(b.)

(c.)

(d.)

Although chain branching in radical polymerizations can occur by intermolecular H abstraction as shown in Mechanism 30.2, chain branching can also occur by intramolecular H abstraction to form branched polyethylene that contains butyl groups as branches.

a. Draw a stepwise mechanism that illustrates which H must be intramolecularly abstracted to form butyl substituents.

b. Suggest a reason why the abstraction of this H is more facile than the abstraction of other H’s.
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