Question: Draw the product formed by treating each compound with excess CH₃I , followed by Ag₂O , and then heat.

a.

b.

c.

Hoffmann elimination forms alkene from the amine. It is completed in three steps:

• In the first step, the quaternary ammonium salt is formed by the reaction of amine with the excess of alkyl halide via S_N2 reaction.
• The second step involves the conversion of one ammonium salt into another with a different anion. The silver (I) oxide Ag₂ replaces the iodide anion with the hydroxide ion.
• In the third step, hydroxide ion (base) removes a proton from the alpha carbon atom when the ammonium salt is heated, forming the alkene.

a. The reaction of the given amine is completed via the Hoffmann elimination process as:

b. The given amine produces the product alkene via the Hoffmann elimination process as:

c. The given amine produces the product alkene via the Hoffmann elimination process as:

Hoffmann elimination