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Chapter 29: Q14P (page 1152)

Question: Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in the following acid–base reactions:

Short Answer

Expert verified

AlCl3is an electrophileand NH3 is a nucleophile.

The H+ of HBr is the electrophile and OH- is the nucleophile.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Electrophiles

An electrophile is a species that lacks electrons.

"Electrophile" literally translates to "electron loving" (phile is the Greek suffix for "loving"). An electrophile is someone who seeks out a pair of electrons. Electrophiles are easily identifiable because they have a positive charge, a partial positive charge, or an incomplete octet that can accept electrons.

  • AlCl3 is an electrophile because it has an incomplete octet.

H+is an electrophile because it has a positive charge

02

 Definition of Nucleophiles-

A nucleophile is an electron-rich species.

A nucleophile is a non-hydrogen atom that bonds to an electron donor (having an electron pair available for bonding). A base is a hydrogen-bonding electron donor. The alterations that occur when bases or nucleophiles interact are extensive and diverse.

The following compounds are nucleophiles because-

  • NH3and OH- are nucleophiles because they have a pair of electrons to share.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name each peptide using both the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations of the component amino acids.

The fibroin proteins found in silk fibers consist of large regions of β-pleated sheets stacked one on top of another. (a) Explain why having a glycine at every other residue allows the β-pleated sheets to stack on top of each other. (b) Why are silk fibers insoluble in water?

Draw the amino acids and peptide fragments formed when the decapeptide A-P-F-L-K-W-S-G-R-G is treated with each reagent or enzyme: (a) chymotrypsin; (b) trypsin; (c) carboxypeptidase; (d)C6H5N=C=S

What alkene is needed to synthesize each amino acid by an enantioselective hydrogenation reaction using and :

(a) Alanine;

(b) Leucine;

(c) Glutamine?

Which of the following amines can be used to resolve a racemic mixture of amino acids?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
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