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Chapter 22: 42P (page 868)

Draw the products of each reduction reaction.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

The products of each reduction reaction are shown below: -

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step Solution Step 1: Metal hydrides

Metal hydrides such asNaBH4and are powerful reducing agents that reduce an aldehyde into primary alcohol and a ketone into secondary alcohol.

LiAlH4is more powerful than . It can also reduce other powerful functional groups like carboxylic acid and its derivatives into alcohols.

In the case of LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3, as the electron-withdrawing groups are attached with aluminum, the reducing nature gets decreased and the reaction occurs only at the aldehyde stage.

02

Function of metal hydrides

The functions of the metal hydrides are shown below:-

03

Mechanism of the reducing action of metal hydrides

The M-H is polar, and the hydride present in M-H acts as a nucleophile. As a result, it can readily attack the carbonyl carbon center to yield alcohol.

Representation of the mechanism of M-H

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