Question: What products are formed by hydrolysis of each lactone or lactam with acid?

Lactones belong to the category of cyclic esters and are obtained from hydrocarboxylic acids. The hydrolysis of lactone leads to the formation of hydroxyl carboxylic acid.

Cyclic amides are indicated as lactams. They get subjected to ring-opening in acidic conditions to obtain a compound comprising carboxylic acid and an amine group.

a. The given compound is a lactone. The product formed by the hydrolysis of lactone a is 2-(2hydroxyethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. The reaction can be given as:

Hydrolysis of compound a

b. The given compound is a lactone. The product formed by the hydrolysis of the given lactone is cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid. The reaction can be given as:

Hydrolysis of compound b

c. The given compound is a lactam. The product formed by the hydrolysis of the given lactam is 3-(piperidin-2-yl) propanoic acid. The reaction can be given as:

Hydrolysis of compound c

d. The given compound is a lactam. The lactam undergoes hydrolysis to form azepane-4-carboxylic acid. The reaction can be given as:

Hydrolysis of compound d