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Chapter 6: Problem 6.16 (page 231)

Question: Draw an energy diagram for a reaction in which the products are higher in energy than the starting materials and Eais large. Clearly label all of the following on the diagram: the axes, the starting materials, the products, the transition state, ∆H°,and Ea.

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Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionsStep 1: Activation energy

The energy barrier between the reactants and the products of a reaction is termed the activation energy i.e., it is the energy to be overcome by the reactants to turn into products.

02

Change in enthalpy (∆H°)

The energy difference between the products and the reactants of a reaction yields the change in enthalpy of the reaction.

03

Energy diagram

The plot of energy vs the reaction coordinate for a reaction gives the energy profile diagram of a chemical reaction.

Energy diagram for a chemical reaction

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The Diels–Alder reaction, a powerful reaction discussed in Chapter 16, occurs when a 1,3- diene such as A reacts with an alkene such as B to form the six-membered ring in C.

a. Draw curved arrows to show how A and B react to form C.

b. What bonds are broken and formed in this reaction?

c. Would you expect this reaction to be endothermic or exothermic?

d. Does entropy favor the reactants or products?

e. Is the Diels–Alder reaction a substitution, elimination, or addition?

Consider the following two-step reaction:

a. How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [1]? Would you predict ∆H°of Step [1] to be positive or negative?

b. How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [2]? Would you predict the ∆H°of Step [2] to be positive or negative?

c. Which step is rate-determining?

d. Draw the structure for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism.

e. If ∆H°overallis negative for this two-step reaction, draw an energy diagram illustrating all of the information in parts (a)–(d).

a. Which value corresponds to a negative value of ∆G°:Keq=10-2or Keq=102?

b. In a unimolecular reaction with five times as much starting material as product at equilibrium, what is the value of Keq? Is ∆G°positive or negative?

c. Which value corresponds to a larger Keq: ∆G°=-8kJ/molor ∆G°=20kJ/mol?

Draw an energy diagram for the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction of CH3CO2Hwith role="math" localid="1648461988307" OC(CH3)to form role="math" localid="1648462071427" CH3CO2and (CH3)3COH. Label the axes, starting materials, products, ΔH°, and Ea. Draw the structure of the transition state.

Given each value, determine whether the starting material or the product is favored at equilibrium.

a.Keq=0.5

b.∆G°=-100kJ/mol

c.∆H°=8.0kJ/mol

d. Keq=16

e.∆G°=-2.0kJ/mol

f.∆H°=200kJ/mol

g.∆S°=8J/(K.mol)

h.∆S°=-8J/(K.mol)
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